---
title: hurl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hurl» in the school dictionary: To hurl something is to throw it very hard and fast. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hurl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hurling, He, angry giant, storm, bullies, slang · **What happens:** hurl, be, walk away, eat, play, do · **To what, where:** something, insults, someone, ball, rock, castle

<!-- .vabout -->
«hurl» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hurl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hurl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hurl something is to throw it very hard and fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:m1:1
# text = To hurl something is to throw it very hard and fast.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hurl	hurl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard, throw *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hurl insults or words is to shout them angrily at someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:m2:1
# text = To hurl insults or words is to shout them angrily at someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hurl	hurl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	insults	insult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	shout	shout	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	angrily	angrily	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | to-infinitive |  | insults or words |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insult=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | someone |  | angrily, shout *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hurl is to vomit, be sick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:m3:1
# text = To hurl is to vomit, be sick.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hurl	hurl	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	vomit	vomit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | vomit *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sick *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurling is a fast Irish sport played with sticks (hurleys) and a small ball (sliotar).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:m4:1
# text = Hurling is a fast Irish sport played with sticks (hurleys) and a small ball (sliotar).
1	Hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	hurleys	hurley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	sliotar	sliotar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hurling |  |  |  |  | with sticks and a small ball; play *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hurled the ball as far as he could.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x1:1
# text = He hurled the ball as far as he could.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past | He | the ball |  |  |  | far *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The angry giant hurled a rock at the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x2:1
# text = The angry giant hurled a rock at the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past | the angry giant | a rock |  | the castle |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent rock=Theme at castle=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm hurled waves against the cliffs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x3:1
# text = The storm hurled waves against the cliffs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past | the storm | waves |  | the cliffs |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent wave=Theme against cliff=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bullies hurled insults at him, and he walked away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x4:1
# text = The bullies hurled insults at him, and he walked away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bullies	bully	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	insults	insult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past | the bullies | insults |  |  |  | at him *= he* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent insult=Theme at he=Destination |
| 2 | **walk away** | past | he |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(slang) I ate too much candy and nearly hurled on the ride.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x5:1
# text = (slang) I ate too much candy and nearly hurled on the ride.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	candy	candy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | slang | much candy |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candy=Patient |
| 2 | **hurl** | participle | slang *not said here* |  |  | the ride |  | nearly *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on ride=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Ireland, children play hurling at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x6:1
# text = In Ireland, children play hurling at school.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | children |  |  | Ireland |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hurl** | gerund | children *not said here* |  |  | school |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at school=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hurled herself onto the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x7:1
# text = She hurled herself onto the bed.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past | She | herself *= she* |  | the bed |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent herself=Theme onto bed=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After doing this, he hurled it high into the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurl:x8:1
# text = After doing this, he hurled it high into the air.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund | he *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hurl** | past | he | it |  | the air |  | high *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme into air=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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