---
title: hurling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hurling» in the school dictionary: Hurling is a fast Irish team sport played with a wooden stick (a hurley) and a small ball (a sliotar). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hurling/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/) / hurling

# hurling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hurling, cousin, hurling team, He, waves, They · **What happens:** be, play, throw, mean, hurl, have · **To what, where:** fast Irish team sport, something, one, 15 players, stones, sea

<!-- .vabout -->
«hurling» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hurling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hurling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurling is a fast Irish team sport played with a wooden stick (a hurley) and a small ball (a sliotar).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:m1:1
# text = Hurling is a fast Irish team sport played with a wooden stick (a hurley) and a small ball (a sliotar).
1	Hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hurley	hurley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sliotar	sliotar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hurling | a fast Irish team sport |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | participle |  | a fast Irish team sport *not said here* |  |  |  | with a wooden stick and a small ball | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with stick=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurling is throwing something hard and far, often angrily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:m2:1
# text = Hurling is throwing something hard and far, often angrily.
1	Hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	angrily	angrily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | present · progressive | Hurling | something |  |  |  | angrily *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurling can mean being sick (vomiting).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:m3:1
# text = Hurling can mean being sick (vomiting).
1	Hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	vomiting	vomiting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Hurling |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *not said to happen* | gerund | Hurling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sick *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurling is one of the fastest field sports in the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x1:1
# text = Hurling is one of the fastest field sports in the world.
1	Hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hurling | one |  |  |  | of the fastest field sports in the world | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin in Cork plays hurling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x2:1
# text = My cousin in Cork plays hurling.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Cork	Cork	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | My cousin in Cork |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hurl** | gerund | My cousin in Cork *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hurling team has 15 players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x3:1
# text = The hurling team has 15 players.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the hurling team | 15 players |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was hurling stones into the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x4:1
# text = He was hurling stones into the sea.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past · progressive | He | stones |  | the sea |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stone=Theme into sea=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waves were hurling the boat around.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x5:1
# text = The waves were hurling the boat around.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	around	around	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl around** | past · progressive | the waves | the boat |  |  |  | around *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They stopped hurling insults and shook hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x6:1
# text = They stopped hurling insults and shook hands.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	insults	insult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **hurl** | gerund | They *not said here* | insults |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insult=Theme |
| 3 | **shake** | past | They *not said here* | hands |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In hurling you can catch the ball with your hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x7:1
# text = In hurling you can catch the ball with your hand.
1	In	in	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | gerund |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | can |  | the ball |  |  |  | with your hand | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the ride he felt like hurling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x8:1
# text = After the ride he felt like hurling.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | he |  |  |  | after the ride |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hurl** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
SISYPHUS was a great tyrant who, according to some accounts, barbarously murdered all travellers who came into his dominions, by hurling upon them enormous pieces of rock.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hurling:x9:1
# text = SISYPHUS was a great tyrant who, according to some accounts, barbarously murdered all travellers who came into his dominions, by hurling upon them enormous pieces of rock.
1	SISYPHUS	SISYPHUS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	barbarously	barbarously	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	murdered	murder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	dominions	dominion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	advcl	_	_
25	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
27	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | SISYPHUS | a great tyrant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **murder** | participle | a great tyrant | all travellers |  |  |  | accord some accounts; barbarously *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traveller=Patient |
| 4 | **come** | past | all travellers |  |  | SISYPHUS's dominions |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into dominion=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **hurl** | gerund | all travellers *not said here* | enormous pieces of rock |  |  |  | upon dominions *= dominion* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent piece=Theme upon they=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [hurl](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hurl/)
- next →: [hurrah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hurrah/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)