---
title: hybrid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hybrid» in the school dictionary: A hybrid is a plant or animal whose parents are two different kinds (species or varieties), like a mule, whose parents are a horse and a donkey. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hybrid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hybrid, parents, hybrid car, some, mule, new car · **What happens:** be, mix, use, mean, work, grow · **To what, where:** plant, two different kinds, horse, anything, two different things, petrol · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hybrid» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hybrid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hybrid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hybrid is a plant or animal whose parents are two different kinds (species or varieties), like a mule, whose parents are a horse and a donkey.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:m1:1
# text = A hybrid is a plant or animal whose parents are two different kinds (species or varieties), like a mule, whose parents are a horse and a donkey.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	varieties	variety	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
26	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hybrid | a plant or animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | two different kinds's parents | two different kinds |  |  |  | like a mule and a horse and a donkey | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a horse's parents | a horse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hybrid is anything that mixes two different things, like a hybrid car that uses both petrol and electricity.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:m2:1
# text = A hybrid is anything that mixes two different things, like a hybrid car that uses both petrol and electricity.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	mixes	mix	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hybrid | anything |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mix** | present |  | two different things |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | present | a hybrid car | both petrol and electricity |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent petrol=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hybrid means mixed, as in «hybrid learning» (some at school and some online) or «hybrid working».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:m3:1
# text = Hybrid means mixed, as in «hybrid learning» (some at school and some online) or «hybrid working».
1	Hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	conj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	nsubj	_	_
17	online	online	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Hybrid |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mix** *not said to happen* | participle | Hybrid *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **work** *in a quote* | gerund | some |  |  |  |  | online *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mule is a hybrid of a horse and a donkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x1:1
# text = A mule is a hybrid of a horse and a donkey.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mule | a hybrid |  |  |  | of a horse and a donkey | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our new car is a hybrid, so it uses less petrol.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x2:1
# text = Our new car is a hybrid, so it uses less petrol.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
11	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our new car |  |  |  |  | hybrid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | car | less petrol |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent petrol=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gardener grew a hybrid rose with orange and pink petals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x3:1
# text = The gardener grew a hybrid rose with orange and pink petals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	petals	petal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the gardener | a hybrid rose |  |  |  | with orange petals | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent rose=Patient with petal=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some lessons were hybrid, with half the class at home on video.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x4:1
# text = Some lessons were hybrid, with half the class at home on video.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | some lessons |  |  |  |  | hybrid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A liger is a hybrid of a lion and a tiger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x5:1
# text = A liger is a hybrid of a lion and a tiger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	liger	liger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a liger | a hybrid |  |  |  | of a lion and a tiger | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film is a hybrid of comedy and horror.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x6:1
# text = The film is a hybrid of comedy and horror.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	comedy	comedy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the film | a hybrid |  |  |  | of comedy and horror | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hybrid plants can be stronger than their parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hybrid:x7:1
# text = Hybrid plants can be stronger than their parents.
1	Hybrid	hybrid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Hybrid plants |  |  |  |  | than plants's parents; strong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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