---
title: hydraulics — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hydraulics» in the school dictionary: Hydraulics is the science and use of liquids, usually oil or water, pushed through pipes to move or lift things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hydraulics

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hydraulics, parts, We, pilot, problem, Car brakes · **What happens:** be, push, move, lift, use, work · **To what, where:** science, pipes, things, liquids, parts, small lift huge rocks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hydraulics» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hydraulics in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hydraulics.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hydraulics is the science and use of liquids, usually oil or water, pushed through pipes to move or lift things.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:m1:1
# text = Hydraulics is the science and use of liquids, usually oil or water, pushed through pipes to move or lift things.
1	Hydraulics	hydraulic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	liquids	liquid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	through	through	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	_
22	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hydraulics | the science and use of liquids and oil or water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **push** | participle | Hydraulics *not said here* |  |  | pipes |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through pipe=Trajectory |
| 3 | **move** | to-infinitive | Hydraulics *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **lift** | infinitive | Hydraulics *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 5 | **use** |  |  | liquids |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hydraulics of a machine are its parts that work by liquid pressure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:m2:1
# text = The hydraulics of a machine are its parts that work by liquid pressure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hydraulics	hydraulic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the hydraulics of a machine | machine's parts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | present | machine's parts |  |  |  |  | by liquid pressure | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hydraulics lets a small digger lift huge rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x1:1
# text = Hydraulics lets a small digger lift huge rocks.
1	Hydraulics	hydraulics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	digger	digger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Hydraulics | a small lift huge rocks |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a hydraulic arm from syringes, tubes and water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x2:1
# text = We built a hydraulic arm from syringes, tubes and water.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hydraulic	hydraulic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	syringes	syringe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	tubes	tube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a hydraulic arm |  | syringes and tubes and water |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent arm=Product from syringe=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot said there was a problem with the hydraulics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x3:1
# text = The pilot said there was a problem with the hydraulics.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hydraulics	hydraulic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the pilot |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | past | a problem with the hydraulics |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Car brakes use hydraulics to press the pads on the wheels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x4:1
# text = Car brakes use hydraulics to press the pads on the wheels.
1	Car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hydraulics	hydraulic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	press	press	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Car brakes | hydraulics |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hydraulic=Patient |
| 2 | **press** | to-infinitive | Car brakes *not said here* | the pads |  | the wheels |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The engineer studied hydraulics at university.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x5:1
# text = The engineer studied hydraulics at university.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engineer	engineer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hydraulics	hydraulic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	university	university	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | the engineer | hydraulics |  | university |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hydraulic=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the hydraulics failed, the drawbridge would not rise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x6:1
# text = When the hydraulics failed, the drawbridge would not rise.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hydraulics	hydraulic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	failed	fail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	drawbridge	drawbridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fail** | past | the hydraulics |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **rise** | would | the drawbridge |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hydraulic jack can lift a car with one person pumping the handle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hydraulics:x7:1
# text = A hydraulic jack can lift a car with one person pumping the handle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hydraulic	hydraulic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jack	jack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	pumping	pump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | can | a hydraulic jack | a car |  |  |  | with one person | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme |
| 2 | **pump** | gerund | one person *not said here* | the handle |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent handle=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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