---
title: hygiene — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hygiene» in the school dictionary: Hygiene is keeping yourself and the things around you clean to stay healthy and stop germs spreading. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# hygiene

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Hygiene, you, Washing, Brushing, Food hygiene, mouth · **What happens:** keep, clean, stay, stop, spread, wash · **To what, where:** yourself, germs, hands, important part, teeth, good dental hygiene

<!-- .vabout -->
«hygiene» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hygiene in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hygiene.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hygiene is keeping yourself and the things around you clean to stay healthy and stop germs spreading.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:m1:1
# text = Hygiene is keeping yourself and the things around you clean to stay healthy and stop germs spreading.
1	Hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	clean	clean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · progressive | Hygiene | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme |
| 2 | **clean** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stop** | present | you *not said here* | germs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **spread** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing your hands is an important part of hygiene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:x1:1
# text = Washing your hands is an important part of hygiene.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Washing | a important part |  |  |  | of hygiene | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brushing your teeth twice a day is good dental hygiene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:x2:1
# text = Brushing your teeth twice a day is good dental hygiene.
1	Brushing	brush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	dental	dental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | gerund |  | your teeth |  |  | day | twice *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Brushing | good dental hygiene |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food hygiene means keeping raw meat away from other foods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:x3:1
# text = Food hygiene means keeping raw meat away from other foods.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	foods	food	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Food hygiene |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep away** *not said to happen* | gerund | Food hygiene *not said here* | raw meat |  | other foods |  | away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer meat=Beneficiary from food=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cover your mouth when you cough; it is good hygiene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:x4:1
# text = Cover your mouth when you cough; it is good hygiene.
1	Cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	cough	cough	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | imperative | you *not said here* | your mouth |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mouth=Destination |
| 2 | **cough** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | mouth | good hygiene |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse talked to us about personal hygiene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:x5:1
# text = The nurse talked to us about personal hygiene.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | the nurse |  | us |  |  | about personal hygiene | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.topic»: agent=Agent to we=Co-Agent about hygiene=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good hygiene helps stop germs from spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hygiene:x6:1
# text = Good hygiene helps stop germs from spreading.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Good hygiene |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | infinitive | Good hygiene *not said here* | germs |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality germ=Eventuality |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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