---
title: hypothesis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hypothesis» in the school dictionary: An idea or guess that explains something and that you can test with an experiment or observation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hypothesis/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/) / hypothesis

# hypothesis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** guess, you, starting point, hypothesis, We, results · **What happens:** explain, test, suggest, think, not be, be · **To what, where:** something, idea, sunlight, hypothesis, good hypothesis, new hypothesis

<!-- .vabout -->
«hypothesis» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hypothesis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hypothesis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An idea or guess that explains something and that you can test with an experiment or observation.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:m1:1
# text = An idea or guess that explains something and that you can test with an experiment or observation.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	test	test	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | guess | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **test** | can | you |  |  |  |  | with a experiment or observation | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any idea suggested as a starting point for thinking, which may or may not be true.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:m2:1
# text = Any idea suggested as a starting point for thinking, which may or may not be true.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	suggested	suggest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	starting	starting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | participle |  | any idea *not said here* |  |  |  | as a starting point | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | a starting point *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | may | a starting point |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My hypothesis is that plants grow faster in sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:x1:1
# text = My hypothesis is that plants grow faster in sunlight.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My hypothesis |  |  | sunlight |  | fast, grow *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested our hypothesis with a fair test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:x2:1
# text = We tested our hypothesis with a fair test.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | our hypothesis |  |  |  | with a fair test | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hypothesis=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The results did not support the hypothesis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:x3:1
# text = The results did not support the hypothesis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **support** | past · do-support | the results | the hypothesis |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hypothesis=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A good hypothesis can be proved wrong by an experiment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:x4:1
# text = A good hypothesis can be proved wrong by an experiment.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	proved	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | can · passive | a experiment | a good hypothesis |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists made a new hypothesis after the surprise result.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:x5:1
# text = Scientists made a new hypothesis after the surprise result.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Scientists | a new hypothesis |  |  | after the surprise result |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hypothesis=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your hypothesis before you start the experiment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hypothesis:x6:1
# text = Write your hypothesis before you start the experiment.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hypothesis |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hypothesis=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | present | you | the experiment |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [hypothermia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hypothermia/)
- next →: [hyrax](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hyrax/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)