---
title: hyrax — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «hyrax» in the school dictionary: A small furry plant-eating mammal of Africa and the Middle East, looking like a big guinea pig or rabbit without long ears; it lives among rocks or in trees. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hyrax/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [H](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/) / hyrax

# hyrax

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small furry eating mammal, hyrax, Bible, conies, Hyraxes · **What happens:** eat, look, live, call, sun, be · **To what, where:** rocks, rock hyrax, hyrax, warm rock, distant cousin, South Africa · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«hyrax» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [hyrax in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/hyrax.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small furry plant-eating mammal of Africa and the Middle East, looking like a big guinea pig or rabbit without long ears; it lives among rocks or in trees.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:m1:1
# text = A small furry plant-eating mammal of Africa and the Middle East, looking like a big guinea pig or rabbit without long ears; it lives among rocks or in trees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
3	furry	furry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	mammal	mammal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	guinea	guinea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	without	without	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
29	among	among	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | a small furry eating mammal of Africa and the Middle East *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a big guinea pig or rabbit; without long ears | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **live** | present | a small furry eating mammal of Africa and the Middle East |  |  | rocks or trees |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among rock=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Also called the «rock hyrax», «dassie» (South Africa) or «coney» (in the Bible).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:m2:1
# text = Also called the «rock hyrax», «dassie» (South Africa) or «coney» (in the Bible).
1	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	hyrax	hyrax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	dassie	dassie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	coney	coney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | the rock hyrax and dassie or coney |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hyrax was sunning itself on a warm rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:x1:1
# text = A hyrax was sunning itself on a warm rock.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hyrax	hyrax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sunning	sun	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sun** | past · progressive | a hyrax | hyrax |  | a warm rock |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hyrax is a distant cousin of the elephant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:x2:1
# text = The hyrax is a distant cousin of the elephant.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hyrax	hyrax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the hyrax | a distant cousin |  |  |  | of the elephant | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In South Africa the hyrax is called a dassie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:x3:1
# text = In South Africa the hyrax is called a dassie.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hyrax	hyrax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dassie	dassie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the hyrax |  | South Africa |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible says the conies make their homes in the rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:x4:1
# text = The Bible says the conies make their homes in the rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	conies	cony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present | the conies | conies's homes |  | the rocks |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset home=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hyraxes live in groups and keep watch for eagles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:x5:1
# text = Hyraxes live in groups and keep watch for eagles.
1	Hyraxes	hyrax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
7	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	eagles	eagle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Hyraxes |  |  | groups |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | Hyraxes *not said here* | watch |  |  |  | for eagles | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hyrax has rubbery pads on its feet for gripping rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:hyrax:x6:1
# text = The hyrax has rubbery pads on its feet for gripping rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hyrax	hyrax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rubbery	rubbery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	gripping	grip	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the hyrax | rubbery pads |  | hyrax's feet for gripping rocks |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient |
| 2 | **grip** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [hypothesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hypothesis/)
- next →: [hysterical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/hysterical/)
- ↑ back to [H in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/)