---
title: ibex — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ibex» in the school dictionary: An ibex is a wild mountain goat with long, curved, ridged horns that lives in steep rocky places in Europe, Asia and North Africa. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ibex

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**Who acts:** ibex, ridged horns, Male ibexes, We, Ibex hooves, herd · **What happens:** be, curve, ridge, live, climb, have · **To what, where:** wild mountain goat, steep rocky places, steep cliff, huge curved horns, Alpine ibex, holiday

<!-- .vabout -->
«ibex» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ibex in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ibex.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ibex is a wild mountain goat with long, curved, ridged horns that lives in steep rocky places in Europe, Asia and North Africa.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:m1:1
# text = An ibex is a wild mountain goat with long, curved, ridged horns that lives in steep rocky places in Europe, Asia and North Africa.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	ridged	ridge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ibex | a wild mountain goat |  |  |  | ridged horns *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | participle | a ibex *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **ridge** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **live** | present | ridged horns |  |  | steep rocky places in Europe and Asia and North Africa |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ibex climbed the steep cliff with ease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x1:1
# text = The ibex climbed the steep cliff with ease.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ease	ease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | the ibex | the steep cliff |  |  |  | with ease | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location cliff=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Male ibexes have huge curved horns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x2:1
# text = Male ibexes have huge curved horns.
1	Male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ibexes	ibexe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Male ibexes | huge curved horns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw an Alpine ibex on holiday in Switzerland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x3:1
# text = We saw an Alpine ibex on holiday in Switzerland.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a Alpine ibex |  | holiday |  | in Switzerland | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ibex=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ibex hooves grip the rocks like rubber.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x4:1
# text = Ibex hooves grip the rocks like rubber.
1	Ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grip	grip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | present | Ibex hooves | the rocks |  |  |  | like rubber | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of ibex licked salt from the dam wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x5:1
# text = A herd of ibex licked salt from the dam wall.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	licked	lick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dam	dam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lick** | past | a herd of ibex | salt |  | the dam wall |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent salt=Theme from wall=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ibex lives high in the mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x6:1
# text = The ibex lives high in the mountains.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the ibex |  |  | the mountains |  | high *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mountain=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ibex fight by clashing their horns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ibex:x7:1
# text = Ibex fight by clashing their horns.
1	Ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	clashing	clash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clash** | gerund | Ibex fight *not said here* | their horns |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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