---
title: ice — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ice» in the school dictionary: Ice is water that has frozen hard because it is very cold. Water becomes ice at 0 degrees Celsius. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ice

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ice, Water, people, She, 6 glasses, They · **What happens:** be, freeze, become, break, feel, meet · **To what, where:** water, ice, 0 degrees, 4 ice cubes, glass, ice skating

<!-- .vabout -->
«ice» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ice in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ice.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice is water that has frozen hard because it is very cold. Water becomes ice at 0 degrees Celsius.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ice is water that has frozen hard because it is very cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:m1:1
# text = Ice is water that has frozen hard because it is very cold.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ice | water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | present · perfect · passive |  | water |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **is** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Water becomes ice at 0 degrees Celsius.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:m1:2
# text = Water becomes ice at 0 degrees Celsius.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | Water | ice |  | 0 degrees  Celsius |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ice a cake is to cover it with icing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:m2:1
# text = To ice a cake is to cover it with icing.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	icing	icing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | ice and a cake |  |  |  |  | with icing; cover *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ice» is also short for ice cream in some places.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:m3:1
# text = «Ice» is also short for ice cream in some places.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  | for ice cream in some places; short *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To break the ice is to help people feel relaxed when they first meet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:m4:1
# text = To break the ice is to help people feel relaxed when they first meet.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	advmod	_	_
14	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | to-infinitive |  | the ice |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ice=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | help *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | relaxed *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **meet** | present | people |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She put 4 ice cubes in each glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x1:1
# text = She put 4 ice cubes in each glass.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cubes	cube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | She | 4 ice cubes |  | each glass |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cube=Theme in glass=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice on the pond is 5 centimetres thick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x2:1
# text = The ice on the pond is 5 centimetres thick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the ice on the pond |  |  |  |  | 5 centimetres *obl:unmarked*; thick *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 6 glasses with 3 ice cubes in each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x3:1
# text = There are 6 glasses with 3 ice cubes in each.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cubes	cube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 6 glasses with 3 ice cubes in each |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They went ice skating for 2 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x4:1
# text = They went ice skating for 2 hours.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	skating	skating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | They | ice skating |  |  | hour |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location skating=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water turns to ice at 0 degrees Celsius.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x5:1
# text = Water turns to ice at 0 degrees Celsius.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Water |  |  | 0 degrees  Celsius |  | to ice | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme to ice=Source at degree=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice floats because it is lighter than the same amount of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x6:1
# text = Ice floats because it is lighter than the same amount of water.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	advcl	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Ice |  |  |  |  | than the same amount of water; light *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **amount** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never walk on ice on a pond or lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x7:1
# text = Never walk on ice on a pond or lake.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | ice |  | on a pond or lake | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ice=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice melted in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x8:1
# text = The ice melted in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | participle |  | the ice *not said here* |  | the sun. |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A funny game helped to break the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x9:1
# text = A funny game helped to break the ice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | a funny game |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | to-infinitive | a funny game *not said here* | the ice |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ice=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was made entirely of ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ice:x10:1
# text = It was made entirely of ice.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of ice; entirely *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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