---
title: icelandic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «icelandic» in the school dictionary: Icelandic means from or to do with Iceland, an island country in the North Atlantic. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# icelandic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Icelandic, Icelandic horses, Icelandic sagas, 350,000 people, surname, We · **What happens:** mean, do, be, speak, have, tell · **To what, where:** language, Iceland, special smooth walk, stories, Icelandic, Jónsdóttir · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«icelandic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [icelandic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/icelandic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icelandic means from or to do with Iceland, an island country in the North Atlantic.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:m1:1
# text = Icelandic means from or to do with Iceland, an island country in the North Atlantic.
1	Icelandic	icelandic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Iceland	Iceland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Icelandic |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with Iceland | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icelandic is the language spoken in Iceland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:m2:1
# text = Icelandic is the language spoken in Iceland.
1	Icelandic	icelandic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Iceland	Iceland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Icelandic | the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the language *not said here* |  | Iceland |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icelandic horses have a special smooth walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x1:1
# text = Icelandic horses have a special smooth walk.
1	Icelandic	icelandic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Icelandic horses | a special smooth walk |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent walk=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Icelandic sagas tell stories of Viking families.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x2:1
# text = The Icelandic sagas tell stories of Viking families.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Icelandic	icelandic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sagas	saga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Viking	viking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the Icelandic sagas | stories of Viking families |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icelandic is spoken by about 350,000 people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x3:1
# text = Icelandic is spoken by about 350,000 people.
1	Icelandic	icelandic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	350,000	350000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | 350,000 people | Icelandic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My Icelandic friend's surname is Jónsdóttir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x4:1
# text = My Icelandic friend's surname is Jónsdóttir.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Icelandic	icelandic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Jónsdóttir	Jónsdóttir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My Icelandic friend's surname | Jónsdóttir |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read about Icelandic volcanoes in geography.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x5:1
# text = We read about Icelandic volcanoes in geography.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Icelandic	icelandic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | We |  |  |  |  | about Icelandic volcanoes in geography | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about volcano=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icelandic has letters like þ and ð that English lost long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x6:1
# text = Icelandic has letters like þ and ð that English lost long ago.
1	Icelandic	icelandic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	þ	þ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ð	ð	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Icelandic | letters |  |  |  | like þ and ð | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past | English | ð *not said here* |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ð=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are Russian, German, French, Icelandic, Red Indian, and other stories here.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icelandic:x7:1
# text = There are Russian, German, French, Icelandic, Red Indian, and other stories here.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Icelandic	icelandic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present |  |  |  | there |  | russian *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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