---
title: icy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «icy» in the school dictionary: Icy means covered with ice: an icy road. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# icy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Icy, icy look, you, path, icy wind, car · **What happens:** mean, cover, be, blow, slide, not walk · **To what, where:** icy wind, icy road, icy pond, icy look, him, Grit · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«icy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [icy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/icy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icy means covered with ice: an icy road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:m1:1
# text = Icy means covered with ice: an icy road.
1	Icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Icy |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with ice and a icy road | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with ice=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Icy means extremely cold: an icy wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:m2:1
# text = Icy means extremely cold: an icy wind.
1	Icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Icy | a icy wind |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An icy look or voice is very unfriendly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:m3:1
# text = An icy look or voice is very unfriendly.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a icy look or voice |  |  |  |  | unfriendly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful, the path is icy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x1:1
# text = Be careful, the path is icy.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the path |  |  |  |  | icy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An icy wind blew from the north.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x2:1
# text = An icy wind blew from the north.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | a icy wind |  |  |  |  | from the north | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from north=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car slid on the icy road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x3:1
# text = The car slid on the icy road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slid	slide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slide** | past | the car |  |  | the icy road |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on road=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never walk on an icy pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x4:1
# text = Never walk on an icy pond.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a icy pond |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on pond=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water in the lake was icy cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x5:1
# text = The water in the lake was icy cold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the water in the lake |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave him an icy look.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x6:1
# text = She gave him an icy look.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a icy look | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient look=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My fingers were icy after the snowball fight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x7:1
# text = My fingers were icy after the snowball fight.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	snowball	snowball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My fingers |  |  |  | after the snowball fight | icy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grit is put on icy roads to make them less slippery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x8:1
# text = Grit is put on icy roads to make them less slippery.
1	Grit	grit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · passive |  | Grit |  | icy roads |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on road=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | roads *= road* |  |  |  | slippery *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An icy hand passed over her head and face, and down towards her heart.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:icy:x9:1
# text = An icy hand passed over her head and face, and down towards her heart.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
13	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | participle |  | a icy hand *not said here* |  | hand's head and face |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over head=Location |

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