---
title: ie — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ie» in the school dictionary: i.e. is short for the Latin id est, meaning that is or in other words; it explains more exactly what was just said. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ie

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** est, ie, internet, i, you, We · **What happens:** be, mean, explain, say, end, e · **To what, where:** that, internet, Ireland, common pair, rule, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ie» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ie in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ie.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
i.e. is short for the Latin id est, meaning that is or in other words; it explains more exactly what was just said.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:m1:1
# text = i.e. is short for the Latin id est, meaning that is or in other words; it explains more exactly what was just said.
1	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	id	id	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	fixed	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
20	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	21	advmod	_	_
21	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	25	obj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	just	just	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for the Latin id est; i.e., short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Topic |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | est |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation, computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
.ie is the internet ending for websites from Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:m2:1
# text = .ie is the internet ending for websites from Ireland.
1	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ie	ie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	websites	website	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ie | the internet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | gerund | the internet *not said here* |  |  | Ireland |  | for websites | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: spelling — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
ie is a common pair of letters in English words, as in the rule i before e except after c.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:m3:1
# text = ie is a common pair of letters in English words, as in the rule i before e except after c.
1	ie	ie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	e	e	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	except	except	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	after	after	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	c.	c.	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ie | a common pair and the rule |  |  |  | of letters in English words | tree rules |
| 2 | **e** | present | i | the rule *not said here* |  |  |  | except c. | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bring something to write with, i.e. a pen or pencil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:x1:1
# text = Bring something to write with, i.e. a pen or pencil.
1	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **write** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We meet on the last day of term, i.e. Friday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:x2:1
# text = We meet on the last day of term, i.e. Friday.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | We |  |  |  | day |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mammals are warm-blooded, i.e. they keep a steady body heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:x3:1
# text = Mammals are warm-blooded, i.e. they keep a steady body heat.
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	blooded	blooded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mammals |  |  |  |  | blooded *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Mammals *= mammal* | a steady body heat |  |  |  | i.e. *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The website ends in .ie, so it's from Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:x4:1
# text = The website ends in .ie, so it's from Ireland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ie	ie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end in** | present | the website | ie |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | website |  |  | Ireland |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Believe and field follow the ie rule.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:x5:1
# text = Believe and field follow the ie rule.
1	Believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ie	ie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **follow** | present | field | the ie rule |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Science and weird break the i before e rule.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ie:x6:1
# text = Science and weird break the i before e rule.
1	Science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	i	i	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	e	e	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | Science | the i |  |  | before e rule |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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