---
title: igneous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «igneous» in the school dictionary: Igneous rock is rock formed when hot melted rock (magma or lava) cools and becomes hard. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# igneous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rock rock, hot melted rock, Granite, Igneous rocks, Basalt, Pumice · **What happens:** be, form, melt, cool, become, describe · **To what, where:** rock rock, anything, igneous rock, cooled lava, dark igneous rock, volcanoes

<!-- .vabout -->
«igneous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [igneous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/igneous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Igneous rock is rock formed when hot melted rock (magma or lava) cools and becomes hard.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:m1:1
# text = Igneous rock is rock formed when hot melted rock (magma or lava) cools and becomes hard.
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
15	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
18	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | rock rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** | participle | rock rock |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cool** | present | hot melted rock |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **become** | present | hot melted rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Igneous can describe anything to do with fire or volcanoes (rare).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:m2:1
# text = Igneous can describe anything to do with fire or volcanoes (rare).
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | anything |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | anything *not said here* |  |  |  | with fire or volcanoes | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granite is an igneous rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x1:1
# text = Granite is an igneous rock.
1	Granite	granite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Granite | a igneous rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Igneous rocks form from cooled lava or magma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x2:1
# text = Igneous rocks form from cooled lava or magma.
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	magma	magma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | Igneous rocks |  |  | cooled lava or magma |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cool** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Basalt is a dark igneous rock from volcanoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x3:1
# text = Basalt is a dark igneous rock from volcanoes.
1	Basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Basalt | a dark igneous rock |  | volcanoes |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pumice is an igneous rock so light it can float.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x4:1
# text = Pumice is an igneous rock so light it can float.
1	Pumice	pumice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pumice | a igneous rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **float** | can | light | a igneous rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sorted our rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x5:1
# text = We sorted our rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sorted	sort	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	metamorphic	metamorphic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sort** | past | We | our rocks |  |  |  | into igneous *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent rock=Theme into igneous=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Igneous rock that cools slowly underground has large crystals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x6:1
# text = Igneous rock that cools slowly underground has large crystals.
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	crystals	crystal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present | Igneous rock |  |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | Igneous rock | large crystals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crystal=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The volcano left a layer of igneous rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x7:1
# text = The volcano left a layer of igneous rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the volcano | a layer of igneous rock |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is obsidian igneous? Yes, it is volcanic glass.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is obsidian igneous?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x8:1
# text = Is obsidian igneous?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	obsidian	obsidian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | igneous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Yes, it is volcanic glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:igneous:x8:2
# text = Yes, it is volcanic glass.
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | volcanic glass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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