---
title: ill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ill» in the school dictionary: Sick, not well. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/ill/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / ill

# ill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, I, She, you, doctor, people · **What happens:** be, feel, go, fall, stay, help · **To what, where:** bed, people, you, ease, bad food, him · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ill» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sick, not well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:m1:1
# text = Sick, not well.
1	Sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"He is ill in bed."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:m1e:1
# text = "He is ill in bed."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | He |  |  | bed |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad or harmful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:m2:1
# text = Bad or harmful.
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"ill effects".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:m2e:1
# text = "ill effects".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adverb, badly: "ill-treated".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:m3:1
# text = As an adverb, badly: "ill-treated".
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adverb	adverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	treated	treated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a noun (plural "ills"), problems or troubles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:m4:1
# text = As a noun (plural "ills"), problems or troubles.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ills	ill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt ill and went home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x1:1
# text = I felt ill and went home.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	home	home	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fell ill with flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x2:1
# text = She fell ill with flu.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | She |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay home when you are ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x3:1
# text = Stay home when you are ill.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	home	home	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor helps people who are ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x4:1
# text = The doctor helps people who are ill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the doctor |  | people |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sun can make you ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x5:1
# text = Too much sun can make you ill.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | much sun | you |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was ill at ease at the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x6:1
# text = He was ill at ease at the party.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ease	ease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  | ease at the party |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't speak ill of others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x7:1
# text = Don't speak ill of others.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating bad food made him ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x8:1
# text = Eating bad food made him ill.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  | bad food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | past | Eating | him *= he* |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Perhaps he is ill,” Michael said.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ill:x9:1
# text = “Perhaps he is ill,” Michael said.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	Michael	Michael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | he |  |  |  |  | ill, perhaps *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Michael |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [ilk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/ilk/)
- next →: [illegal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/illegal/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)