---
title: illness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «illness» in the school dictionary: An illness is a disease or a time of being ill (sick). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/illness/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / illness

# illness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** illness, Chickenpox, He, you, Grandpa, Flu · **What happens:** be, miss, wash, stop, spread, get · **To what, where:** disease, state, common childhood illness, hands, illness, illnesses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«illness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [illness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/illness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illness is a disease or a time of being ill (sick).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:m1:1
# text = An illness is a disease or a time of being ill (sick).
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a illness | a disease or a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Illness (uncountable) is the state of being unwell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:m2:1
# text = Illness (uncountable) is the state of being unwell.
1	Illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	uncountable	uncountable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
10	unwell	unwell	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Illness | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | unwell *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chickenpox is a common childhood illness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x1:1
# text = Chickenpox is a common childhood illness.
1	Chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chickenpox | a common childhood illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He missed a week of school because of illness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x2:1
# text = He missed a week of school because of illness.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **miss** | past | He |  |  |  | week | because illness | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands to stop illness spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x3:1
# text = Wash your hands to stop illness spreading.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa is getting better after his illness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x4:1
# text = Grandpa is getting better after his illness.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | Grandpa |  |  |  | after Grandpa's illness | good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flu is an illness caused by a virus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x5:1
# text = Flu is an illness caused by a virus.
1	Flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Flu | a illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some illnesses are passed on by coughing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x6:1
# text = Some illnesses are passed on by coughing.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	illnesses	illness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	coughing	cough	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass on** | present · passive |  | some illnesses |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **cough** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell a teacher if you feel illness coming on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x7:1
# text = Tell a teacher if you feel illness coming on.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 2 | **feel** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | illness |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Theme |
| 3 | **come on** | gerund | illness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating well helps your body fight illness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x8:1
# text = Eating well helps your body fight illness.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | Eating | your body |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **fight** | infinitive | your body *not said here* | illness |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Co-Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Animals heard about the Stag's illness and came to ask after his health.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illness:x9:1
# text = The Animals heard about the Stag's illness and came to ask after his health.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Stag	Stag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the Animals |  |  |  |  | about the Stag's illness | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about illness=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come** | past | the Animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | the Animals *not said here* |  |  |  | after his health |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [illegible](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/illegible/)
- next →: [illogical](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/illogical/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)