---
title: illuminated — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «illuminated» in the school dictionary: Illuminated means lit up with light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# illuminated

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** illuminated manuscript, fireworks, torch, Monks, sun., candle · **What happens:** illuminate, mean, lit up, make, understand, be · **To what, where:** old handwritten book, castle, dark cave, street, illuminated manuscripts, moon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«illuminated» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [illuminated in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/illuminated.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Illuminated means lit up with light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:m1:1
# text = Illuminated means lit up with light.
1	Illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lit up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with light | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Illuminated can mean made clear and easier to understand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:m2:1
# text = Illuminated can mean made clear and easier to understand.
1	Illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illuminated manuscript is an old handwritten book decorated with gold, silver and bright colours.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:m3:1
# text = An illuminated manuscript is an old handwritten book decorated with gold, silver and bright colours.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	decorated	decorate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a illuminated manuscript | a old handwritten book |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **decorate** | participle |  | a old handwritten book *not said here* |  |  |  | with gold and silver and bright colours | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with gold=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was illuminated by fireworks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x1:1
# text = The castle was illuminated by fireworks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past · passive | fireworks | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The torch illuminated the dark cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x2:1
# text = The torch illuminated the dark cave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past | the torch | the dark cave |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cave=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The street was illuminated with Christmas lights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x3:1
# text = The street was illuminated with Christmas lights.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past · passive |  | the street |  |  |  | with Christmas lights | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with light=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Monks wrote illuminated manuscripts with golden letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x4:1
# text = Monks wrote illuminated manuscripts with golden letters.
1	Monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Monks | illuminated manuscripts |  |  |  | with golden letters | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manuscript=Theme |
| 2 | **illuminate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The moon is illuminated by the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x5:1
# text = The moon is illuminated by the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | present · passive | the sun. | the moon |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her face was illuminated by the candle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x6:1
# text = Her face was illuminated by the candle.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past · passive | the candle | Her face |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diagram illuminated the hard idea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x7:1
# text = The diagram illuminated the hard idea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past | the diagram | the hard idea |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the evening the whole town was illuminated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illuminated:x8:1
# text = In the evening the whole town was illuminated.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | past · passive |  | the whole town |  |  | evening |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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