---
title: illumination — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «illumination» in the school dictionary: Light, or lighting up a place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# illumination

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** illuminations, room, talk, Her, illumination, We · **What happens:** light up, use, decorate, explain, paint, need · **To what, where:** place, town, something, better illumination, illumination, us

<!-- .vabout -->
«illumination» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [illumination in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/illumination.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light, or lighting up a place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:m1:1
# text = Light, or lighting up a place.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lighting	light	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light up** | gerund |  | a place |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room needs better illumination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:m1e:1
# text = The room needs better illumination.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the room | better illumination |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot illumination=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
illuminations (UK) = coloured lights used to decorate a town or seaside: the Blackpool Illuminations.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:m2:1
# text = illuminations (UK) = coloured lights used to decorate a town or seaside: the Blackpool Illuminations.
1	illuminations	illumination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	7	cc	_	_
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	decorate	decorate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Blackpool	Blackpool	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Illuminations	illumination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | illuminations = coloured lights |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **decorate** | to-infinitive | illuminations = coloured lights *not said here* | a town or seaside and the Blackpool Illuminations |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Understanding or explaining something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:m3:1
# text = Understanding or explaining something.
1	Understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	explaining	explain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her talk gave us some illumination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:m3e:1
# text = Her talk gave us some illumination.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Her talk | some illumination | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient illumination=Theme |
| 2 | **talk** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A painted, coloured picture or letter in an old handwritten book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:m4:1
# text = A painted, coloured picture or letter in an old handwritten book.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	handwritten	handwritten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The illumination in the hall was too dim to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x1:1
# text = The illumination in the hall was too dim to read.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the illumination in the hall |  |  |  |  | dim *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | the illumination in the hall *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove along the seafront to see the illuminations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x2:1
# text = We drove along the seafront to see the illuminations.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	seafront	seafront	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	illuminations	illumination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | We |  |  | the seafront |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along seafront=Trajectory |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the illuminations |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer illumination=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old book had golden illuminations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x3:1
# text = The old book had golden illuminations.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	illuminations	illumination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old book | golden illuminations |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illumination=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His explanation brought illumination to a hard problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x4:1
# text = His explanation brought illumination to a hard problem.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | His explanation | illumination |  | a hard problem |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent illumination=Theme to problem=Destination |
| 2 | **explain** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom explanation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants need good illumination to grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x5:1
# text = Plants need good illumination to grow.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Plants | good illumination |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot illumination=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Plants *not said here* | good illumination *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Street lamps give illumination at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x6:1
# text = Street lamps give illumination at night.
1	Street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Street lamps | illumination |  |  | night |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illumination=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nor was illumination wanting in this fairy-like region, which at night was lit up by the glow-worms of the deep.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illumination:x7:1
# text = Nor was illumination wanting in this fairy-like region, which at night was lit up by the glow-worms of the deep.
1	Nor	Nor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	wanting	want	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
7	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Nor illumination |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** | gerund | Nor illumination *not said here* |  |  | this like region |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **lit up** | past · passive | the glow worms of the deep | this like region |  |  | night |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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