---
title: illusory — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «illusory» in the school dictionary: Not real, though it seems real; based on an illusion. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# illusory

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, moving pattern, picture, lake, lead, feeling · **What happens:** seem, base, move, be, not move, prove · **To what, where:** illusion, mirage, illusory effects, eyes, illusory 3D cube, art

<!-- .vabout -->
«illusory» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [illusory in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/illusory.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not real, though it seems real; based on an illusion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:m1:1
# text = Not real, though it seems real; based on an illusion.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	illusion	illusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present | it |  |  |  |  | real *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **base** | participle |  |  |  | a illusion |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on illusion=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seeming true or possible but actually false: an illusory hope, an illusory advantage.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:m2:1
# text = Seeming true or possible but actually false: an illusory hope, an illusory advantage.
1	Seeming	seem	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The moving pattern was illusory; the picture was not really moving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:x1:1
# text = The moving pattern was illusory; the picture was not really moving.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	really	really	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the moving pattern |  |  |  |  | illusory *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **move** | past · progressive | the picture |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lake in the desert was illusory — it was a mirage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:x2:1
# text = The lake in the desert was illusory — it was a mirage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mirage	mirage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lake in the desert |  |  |  |  | illusory *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | lake | a mirage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His lead in the race proved illusory when he tripped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:x3:1
# text = His lead in the race proved illusory when he tripped.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	proved	prove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	tripped	trip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | past | His lead in the race |  |  |  |  | illusory *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **trip** | past | lead |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The feeling of safety in a car without seatbelts is illusory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:x4:1
# text = The feeling of safety in a car without seatbelts is illusory.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	seatbelts	seatbelt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the feeling of safety in a car without seatbelts |  |  |  |  | illusory *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magicians create illusory effects to fool our eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:x5:1
# text = Magicians create illusory effects to fool our eyes.
1	Magicians	magician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	create	create	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fool	fool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **create** | present | Magicians | illusory effects |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Result |
| 2 | **fool** | to-infinitive | Magicians *not said here* | our eyes |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In art we made an illusory 3D cube on flat paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illusory:x6:1
# text = In art we made an illusory 3D cube on flat paper.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	illusory	illusory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	3D	3d	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cube	cube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | we | a illusory 3D cube |  | art |  | on flat paper | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cube=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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