---
title: illustrate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «illustrate» in the school dictionary: To draw or add pictures to a book, article or story. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# illustrate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, something, you, famous artist, your, me · **What happens:** draw, add, explain, show, use, be · **To what, where:** pictures, something, examples, example, story, book · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«illustrate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [illustrate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/illustrate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To draw or add pictures to a book, article or story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:m1:1
# text = To draw or add pictures to a book, article or story.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  | pictures |  |  |  | to a book or story | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent picture=Patient to book=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To explain or show something by using examples, diagrams or pictures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:m2:1
# text = To explain or show something by using examples, diagrams or pictures.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	explain	explain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	examples	example	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	diagrams	diagram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient |
| 3 | **use** | gerund |  | examples and diagrams or pictures |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent example=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be an example that shows something is true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:m3:1
# text = To be an example that shows something is true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	appos	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a example |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Illustrate your story with a picture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x1:1
# text = Illustrate your story with a picture.
1	Illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illustrate** | imperative | you *not said here* | your story |  |  |  | with a picture | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent story=Destination with picture=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This book was illustrated by a famous artist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x2:1
# text = This book was illustrated by a famous artist.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	illustrated	illustrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	artist	artist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illustrate** | past · passive | a famous artist | this book |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a bar chart to illustrate your results.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x3:1
# text = Use a bar chart to illustrate your results.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	chart	chart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a bar chart |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chart=Patient |
| 2 | **illustrate** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your results |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Destination |
| 3 | **result** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let me illustrate with an example.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x4:1
# text = Let me illustrate with an example.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **illustrate** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a example | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with example=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The broken vase illustrates why we don't play ball inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x5:1
# text = The broken vase illustrates why we don't play ball inside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	illustrates	illustrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **illustrate** | present | the broken vase |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **play** | present · do-support | we | ball |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a diagram to illustrate the water cycle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x6:1
# text = Draw a diagram to illustrate the water cycle.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a diagram |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diagram=Theme |
| 2 | **illustrate** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the water cycle |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pictures illustrate each step of the recipe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x7:1
# text = The pictures illustrate each step of the recipe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illustrate** | present | the pictures | each step of the recipe |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Destination |
| 2 | **step** |  |  | the recipe |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The following story will signally illustrate how ready she was to resent any slight offered to her.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:illustrate:x8:1
# text = The following story will signally illustrate how ready she was to resent any slight offered to her.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	signally	signally	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	parataxis	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	resent	resent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	slight	slight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **illustrate** | future | the following story |  |  |  |  | signally *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past | story |  |  |  |  | resent *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **offer** | past | any slight |  | story |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to she=Goal |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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