---
title: immigration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «immigration» in the school dictionary: Coming to live in a new country from another country. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# immigration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** officials, control, Many families, We, immigration officer, Immigration · **What happens:** come, live, check, go, wait, help · **To what, where:** new country, passports, immigration, country, cities, Ellis Island

<!-- .vabout -->
«immigration» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [immigration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/immigration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coming to live in a new country from another country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:m1:1
# text = Coming to live in a new country from another country.
1	Coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a new country from another country |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The place at an airport or border where officials check passports and visas: «go through immigration».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:m2:1
# text = The place at an airport or border where officials check passports and visas: «go through immigration».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	check	check	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	passports	passport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	visas	visa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | officials | passports and visas |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passport=Theme |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | immigration |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through immigration=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rules and the government department that control who may come to live in a country.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:m3:1
# text = The rules and the government department that control who may come to live in a country.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	department	department	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	det	_	_
8	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | may | that control |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | that control *not said here* |  |  | a country |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many families in our class came here through immigration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:x1:1
# text = Many families in our class came here through immigration.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Many families in our class |  |  | immigration; here |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through immigration=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We waited a long time at immigration at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:x2:1
# text = We waited a long time at immigration at the airport.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | We |  |  | immigration | time | at the airport | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at immigration=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The immigration officer checked our passports.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:x3:1
# text = The immigration officer checked our passports.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	passports	passport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the immigration officer | our passports |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passport=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Immigration helped build cities like Toronto and Sydney.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:x4:1
# text = Immigration helped build cities like Toronto and Sydney.
1	Immigration	Immigration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Toronto	Toronto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Immigration |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | infinitive | Immigration *not said here* | cities |  |  |  | like Toronto and Sydney | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset city=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ellis Island was where immigration to New York was checked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:x5:1
# text = Ellis Island was where immigration to New York was checked.
1	Ellis	Ellis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
5	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past · passive |  | Ellis Island |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma remembers her immigration to Australia by ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immigration:x6:1
# text = Grandma remembers her immigration to Australia by ship.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | Grandma | Grandma's immigration | Australia |  |  | by ship | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent immigration=Theme to australia=be' |
| 2 | **immigrate** |  | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | nom immigration «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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