---
title: immune — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «immune» in the school dictionary: Immune means protected from an illness, so you cannot easily catch it, usually because your body has fought it before or you had a vaccine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# immune

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Immune, you, body, most people, immune system, germs · **What happens:** mean, protect, not catch, fight, have, not affect · **To what, where:** Immune, vaccine, chickenpox, germs, body, people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«immune» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [immune in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/immune.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Immune means protected from an illness, so you cannot easily catch it, usually because your body has fought it before or you had a vaccine.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:m1:1
# text = Immune means protected from an illness, so you cannot easily catch it, usually because your body has fought it before or you had a vaccine.
1	Immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
17	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	fought	fight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	before	before	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Immune |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | from a illness | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent from illness=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **catch** | can | you | Immune |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **fight** | present · perfect | your body | Immune |  |  |  | before, usually *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **have** | past | you | a vaccine |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Immune to something means not affected by it (immune to criticism).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:m2:1
# text = Immune to something means not affected by it (immune to criticism).
1	Immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | immune something | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **affect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by it | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Immune from something means officially free from it (immune from punishment).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:m3:1
# text = Immune from something means officially free from it (immune from punishment).
1	Immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Immune from something |  |  |  |  | free *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After having chickenpox, most people are immune to it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:x1:1
# text = After having chickenpox, most people are immune to it.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | most people *not said here* | chickenpox |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chickenpox=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | most people |  | chickenpox |  |  | immune *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your immune system fights germs that get into your body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:x2:1
# text = Your immune system fights germs that get into your body.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fights	fight	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | present | Your immune system | germs |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **get** | present | germs |  |  | your body |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into body=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vaccines help people become immune to some diseases.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:x3:1
# text = Vaccines help people become immune to some diseases.
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Vaccines | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | immune *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating well and sleeping well help keep your immune system strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:x4:1
# text = Eating well and sleeping well help keep your immune system strong.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **help** | present | Eating |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **keep** | infinitive | Eating *not said here* | your immune system |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher seemed immune to our excuses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:x5:1
# text = The teacher seemed immune to our excuses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	excuses	excuse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  | immune *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **excuse** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom excuse «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some bacteria have become immune to certain medicines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:immune:x6:1
# text = Some bacteria have become immune to certain medicines.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · perfect | some bacteria |  |  |  |  | immune *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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