---
title: impasto — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «impasto» in the school dictionary: A way of painting with very thick paint, so that the brush or knife marks stand up from the surface. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# impasto

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** brush marks, Van, paintings, We, impasto, sunflowers · **What happens:** stand up, use, look, try, make, take · **To what, where:** way, surface, impasto, brushstrokes, flour

<!-- .vabout -->
«impasto» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [impasto in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/impasto.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: art — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A way of painting with very thick paint, so that the brush or knife marks stand up from the surface.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:m1:1
# text = A way of painting with very thick paint, so that the brush or knife marks stand up from the surface.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	17	mark	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	brush	brush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | present | brush marks | a way of painting with thick paint *not said here* |  | the surface |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Van Gogh used impasto, so his paintings look bumpy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:x1:1
# text = Van Gogh used impasto, so his paintings look bumpy.
1	Van	Van	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Gogh	Gogh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	impasto	impasto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	paintings	painting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Van | impasto |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impasto=Patient |
| 2 | **look** | present | Van's paintings |  |  |  |  | bumpy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tried impasto with a palette knife in art class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:x2:1
# text = We tried impasto with a palette knife in art class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	impasto	impasto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	palette	palette	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | We | impasto |  |  |  | with a palette knife in art class | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.attribute»: agent=Agent impasto=Patient with knife=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The impasto makes the sunflowers look 3D.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:x3:1
# text = The impasto makes the sunflowers look 3D.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	impasto	impasto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sunflowers	sunflower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	3D	3d	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the impasto |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | the sunflowers |  |  |  |  | 3d *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Impasto takes a long time to dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:x4:1
# text = Impasto takes a long time to dry.
1	Impasto	impasto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | Impasto |  |  |  | time |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive | Impasto *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can see the brushstrokes in the impasto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:x5:1
# text = You can see the brushstrokes in the impasto.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brushstrokes	brushstroke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	impasto	impasto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | You | the brushstrokes |  | the impasto |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer brushstroke=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add flour to poster paint for a pretend impasto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impasto:x6:1
# text = Add flour to poster paint for a pretend impasto.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	pretend	pretend	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	impasto	impasto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | flour |  |  |  | to poster paint; for a pretend impasto | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent flour=Patient to paint=Co-Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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