---
title: impervious — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «impervious» in the school dictionary: Not letting water, air or anything else pass through: an impervious material. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# impervious

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** water, Plastic, Concrete roads, rain, We, materials · **What happens:** not let, pass through, not affect, bother, be, make · **To what, where:** water, good raincoat, drains, science lesson

<!-- .vabout -->
«impervious» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [impervious in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/impervious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not letting water, air or anything else pass through: an impervious material.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:m1:1
# text = Not letting water, air or anything else pass through: an impervious material.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
8	else	else	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **let** | gerund |  | water and air |  |  |  | a impervious material *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass through** | infinitive | water and air *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not affected or bothered by something: impervious to criticism, impervious to the cold.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:m2:1
# text = Not affected or bothered by something: impervious to criticism, impervious to the cold.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bothered	bother	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **affect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **bother** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by something | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic is impervious to water, so it makes a good raincoat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:x1:1
# text = Plastic is impervious to water, so it makes a good raincoat.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	raincoat	raincoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Plastic |  |  |  |  | to water; impervious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | Plastic | a good raincoat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material raincoat=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Concrete roads are impervious, so rain runs off into drains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:x2:1
# text = Concrete roads are impervious, so rain runs off into drains.
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	drains	drain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Concrete roads |  |  |  |  | impervious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **run off** | present | rain |  |  |  |  | into drains *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into drain=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested which materials were impervious in our science lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:x3:1
# text = We tested which materials were impervious in our science lesson.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det	_	_
4	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | which materials |  |  | our science lesson |  | impervious *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She seemed impervious to the cold in just a T-shirt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:x4:1
# text = She seemed impervious to the cold in just a T-shirt.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | She |  |  |  |  | in a T shirt; impervious *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in shirt=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The superhero was impervious to bullets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:x5:1
# text = The superhero was impervious to bullets.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	superhero	superhero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bullets	bullet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the superhero |  |  |  |  | to bullets; impervious *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was impervious to their teasing and just smiled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impervious:x6:1
# text = He was impervious to their teasing and just smiled.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	impervious	impervious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teasing	teasing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | to their teasing; impervious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **smile** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tease** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom teasing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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