---
title: implicate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «implicate» in the school dictionary: To show or suggest that someone is involved in something wrong, such as a crime. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# implicate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, something, muddy footprints, letter, Scientists, He · **What happens:** show, suggest, be, implicate, imply, break · **To what, where:** something, cause, smoking, many illnesses, dog, broken vase mystery · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«implicate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [implicate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/implicate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show or suggest that someone is involved in something wrong, such as a crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:m1:1
# text = To show or suggest that someone is involved in something wrong, such as a crime.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	suggest	suggest	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	involved	involved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | someone |  |  | something |  | involved *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show that something is a cause or part of a problem: smoking is implicated in many illnesses.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:m2:1
# text = To show that something is a cause or part of a problem: smoking is implicated in many illnesses.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	implicated	implicate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	illnesses	illness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | something | a cause or part of a problem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **implicate** | present · passive |  | smoking |  | many illnesses |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To imply or suggest something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:m3:1
# text = To imply or suggest something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	imply	imply	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	suggest	suggest	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **imply** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muddy footprints implicated the dog in the broken vase mystery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:x1:1
# text = The muddy footprints implicated the dog in the broken vase mystery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	implicated	implicate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
10	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	mystery	mystery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **implicate** | past | the muddy footprints | the dog |  | the broken vase mystery |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter implicated the butler in the theft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:x2:1
# text = The letter implicated the butler in the theft.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	implicated	implicate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	butler	butler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **implicate** | past | the letter | the butler |  | the theft |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists implicated a virus in the outbreak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:x3:1
# text = Scientists implicated a virus in the outbreak.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	implicated	implicate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	outbreak	outbreak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **implicate** | past | Scientists | a virus |  | the outbreak |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He refused to say anything that might implicate his friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:x4:1
# text = He refused to say anything that might implicate his friends.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	implicate	implicate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |
| 3 | **implicate** | might |  | his friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar is implicated in tooth decay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:x5:1
# text = Sugar is implicated in tooth decay.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	implicated	implicate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	decay	decay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **implicate** | present · passive |  | Sugar |  | tooth decay |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective found no evidence to implicate the gardener.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:implicate:x6:1
# text = The detective found no evidence to implicate the gardener.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	implicate	implicate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gardener	gardener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the detective | no evidence |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent evidence=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **implicate** | to-infinitive |  | the gardener |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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