---
title: importation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «importation» in the school dictionary: Bringing goods into a country from another country to sell or use. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# importation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** importation, Australia, rabbit, government, Halloween costumes, Importation costs · **What happens:** bring, sell, use, bring in, make, import · **To what, where:** goods, country, tea, strict rules, importation, fruit

<!-- .vabout -->
«importation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [importation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/importation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bringing goods into a country from another country to sell or use.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:m1:1
# text = Bringing goods into a country from another country to sell or use.
1	Bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obj	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | gerund |  | goods |  | a country |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent goods=Theme into country=Destination |
| 2 | **sell** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that has been brought in from somewhere else, such as a plant, animal or custom.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:m2:1
# text = Something that has been brought in from somewhere else, such as a plant, animal or custom.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
9	else	else	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring in** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The importation of tea from China made it popular in Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x1:1
# text = The importation of tea from China made it popular in Britain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the importation of tea from China | tea |  |  |  | popular *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **import** |  |  | tea from China |  |  |  |  | nom importation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australia has strict rules on the importation of fruit and plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x2:1
# text = Australia has strict rules on the importation of fruit and plants.
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Australia | strict rules |  | the importation of fruit and plants |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **import** |  |  | fruit and plants |  |  |  |  | nom importation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rabbit was an importation that spread across Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x3:1
# text = The rabbit was an importation that spread across Australia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the rabbit | a importation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | past | a importation |  |  | Australia |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across australia=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government banned the importation of ivory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x4:1
# text = The government banned the importation of ivory.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	banned	ban	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ivory	ivory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | past | the government | the importation of ivory |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer importation=Theme |
| 2 | **import** |  |  | ivory |  |  |  |  | nom importation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Halloween costumes became popular partly as an importation from America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x5:1
# text = Halloween costumes became popular partly as an importation from America.
1	Halloween	Halloween	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	costumes	costume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | Halloween costumes |  |  |  |  | as a importation from America; partly, popular *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Importation costs make foreign goods more expensive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x6:1
# text = Importation costs make foreign goods more expensive.
1	Importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	costs	cost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obj	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Importation costs | foreign goods |  |  |  | expensive *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset goods=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The existence of the tale in India renders it likely enough that it is not indigenous to the British Isles, but an Oriental importation.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:importation:x7:1
# text = The existence of the tale in India renders it likely enough that it is not indigenous to the British Isles, but an Oriental importation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Isles	Isle	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Oriental	oriental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | the existence of the tale in India | tale |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | existence |  |  |  |  | to the British Isles; indigenous *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **exist** |  | the tale in India |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent |

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