---
title: impromptu — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «impromptu» in the school dictionary: Done or made without planning or practice, on the spur of the moment: «an impromptu speech». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# impromptu

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, class, Toad, teacher, Schubert, street musician · **What happens:** do, make, spur, write, sound, make up · **To what, where:** impromptu speech, spur, moment, short piece, music, spot

<!-- .vabout -->
«impromptu» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [impromptu in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/impromptu.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done or made without planning or practice, on the spur of the moment: «an impromptu speech».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:m1:1
# text = Done or made without planning or practice, on the spur of the moment: «an impromptu speech».
1	Done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	planning	planning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	impromptu	impromptu	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  | a impromptu speech |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  | the spur of the moment |  | without planning or practice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **spur** |  |  | the moment |  |  |  |  | nom spur «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short piece of music written to sound as if it were made up on the spot.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:m2:1
# text = A short piece of music written to sound as if it were made up on the spot.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a short piece of music *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sound** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **make up** | past · passive |  | music |  | the spot |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had an impromptu picnic in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:x1:1
# text = We had an impromptu picnic in the park.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	impromptu	impromptu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a impromptu picnic |  | the park |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picnic=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class gave an impromptu concert for the head teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:x2:1
# text = The class gave an impromptu concert for the head teacher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	impromptu	impromptu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the class | a impromptu concert |  |  |  | for the head teacher | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent concert=Theme for teacher=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad sang an impromptu song all about his own cleverness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:x3:1
# text = Toad sang an impromptu song all about his own cleverness.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	impromptu	impromptu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Toad | a impromptu song |  |  |  | about Toad's own cleverness | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher asked me to give an impromptu speech.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:x4:1
# text = The teacher asked me to give an impromptu speech.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	impromptu	impromptu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the teacher |  | me |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the teacher *not said here* | a impromptu speech |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Schubert wrote famous impromptus for piano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:x5:1
# text = Schubert wrote famous impromptus for piano.
1	Schubert	Schubert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	impromptus	impromptu	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Schubert | famous impromptus |  |  |  | for piano | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent impromptu=Result for piano=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The street musician gave an impromptu show.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impromptu:x6:1
# text = The street musician gave an impromptu show.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	musician	musician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	impromptu	impromptu	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the street musician | a impromptu show |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent show=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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