---
title: impute — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «impute» in the school dictionary: To say that something, usually bad, is caused by or belongs to someone: to impute blame. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/impute/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / impute

# impute

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, report, scientist, missing temperature, you, mistake · **What happens:** say, cause, belong, impute, fill, estimate · **To what, where:** something, blame, missing value, bad motives, delay, missing temperature · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«impute» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [impute in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/impute.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say that something, usually bad, is caused by or belongs to someone: to impute blame.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:m1:1
# text = To say that something, usually bad, is caused by or belongs to someone: to impute blame.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	impute	impute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	blame	blame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | present · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **belong** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **impute** | to-infinitive |  | blame |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths and statistics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To fill in a missing value in data with an estimated one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:m2:1
# text = To fill in a missing value in data with an estimated one.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fill	fill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a missing value |  | in data; with a estimated one | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with one=Instrument |
| 2 | **estimate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is unfair to impute bad motives to someone without proof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:x1:1
# text = It is unfair to impute bad motives to someone without proof.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	impute	impute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	motives	motive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **impute** | to-infinitive |  | bad motives |  |  |  | to someone; without proof | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The report imputed the delay to the bad weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:x2:1
# text = The report imputed the delay to the bad weather.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	imputed	impute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impute** | past | the report | the delay |  |  |  | to the bad weather | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientist imputed the missing temperature using the average of the days before and after.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:x3:1
# text = The scientist imputed the missing temperature using the average of the days before and after.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	imputed	impute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	before	before	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	after	after	ADV	RB	_	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impute** | past | the scientist | the missing temperature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | the missing temperature *not said here* | the average of the days |  |  |  | before *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent average=Patient |
| 3 | **average** |  |  | the days |  |  |  |  | nom average «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't impute the mistake to her; it was mine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:x4:1
# text = Don't impute the mistake to her; it was mine.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	impute	impute	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **impute** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the mistake |  |  |  | to her *= she* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | mistake | mine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge refused to impute guilt without evidence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:x5:1
# text = The judge refused to impute guilt without evidence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	impute	impute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **impute** | to-infinitive | the judge *not said here* | guilt |  |  |  | without evidence | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The historian would not impute cruelty to the king without evidence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:impute:x6:1
# text = The historian would not impute cruelty to the king without evidence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	historian	historian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	impute	impute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **impute** | would | the historian | cruelty |  |  |  | to the king; without evidence | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [impurity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/impurity/)
- next →: [in](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/in/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)