---
title: inborn — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «inborn» in the school dictionary: Inborn means present in a person or animal from birth, not learned later, like an inborn talent or an inborn fear. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# inborn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Inborn, inborn condition, She, Babies, people, kindness · **What happens:** mean, not learn, be, bear, have, suck · **To what, where:** one, baby, inborn talent, inborn ability, kindness, inborn instinct · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«inborn» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [inborn in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/inborn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inborn means present in a person or animal from birth, not learned later, like an inborn talent or an inborn fear.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:m1:1
# text = Inborn means present in a person or animal from birth, not learned later, like an inborn talent or an inborn fear.
1	Inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
14	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	talent	talent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Inborn |  |  |  |  | present *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **learn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An inborn condition is one a baby is born with.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:m2:1
# text = An inborn condition is one a baby is born with.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a inborn condition | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | present · passive |  | a baby |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has an inborn talent for music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x1:1
# text = She has an inborn talent for music.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	talent	talent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a inborn talent |  |  |  | for music | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies have an inborn ability to suck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x2:1
# text = Babies have an inborn ability to suck.
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	suck	suck	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Babies | a inborn ability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ability=Patient |
| 2 | **suck** | to-infinitive | Babies *not said here* | a inborn ability *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people think kindness is inborn, but it can be learned too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x3:1
# text = Some people think kindness is inborn, but it can be learned too.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | some people |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | kindness |  |  |  |  | inborn *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | can · passive |  | kindness |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ducklings have an inborn instinct to follow their mother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x4:1
# text = Ducklings have an inborn instinct to follow their mother.
1	Ducklings	duckling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	instinct	instinct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ducklings | a inborn instinct |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instinct=Patient |
| 2 | **follow** | to-infinitive | Ducklings *not said here* | Ducklings's mother |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His love of animals seemed inborn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x5:1
# text = His love of animals seemed inborn.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | His love of animals |  |  |  |  | inborn *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **love** |  | His *= he* | animals |  |  |  |  | nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear of loud noises is inborn in babies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x6:1
# text = Fear of loud noises is inborn in babies.
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	noises	noise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fear of loud noises |  |  | babies |  | inborn *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fear** |  |  | loud noises |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practice can beat inborn talent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x7:1
# text = Practice can beat inborn talent.
1	Practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	talent	talent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | can | Practice | inborn talent |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location talent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the heart problem was inborn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x8:1
# text = The doctor said the heart problem was inborn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the heart problem |  |  |  |  | inborn *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His inborn cheerfulness, he said, had been tested by a member of the Polytechnic Institution, and the experiment had made him completely happy.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inborn:x9:1
# text = His inborn cheerfulness, he said, had been tested by a member of the Polytechnic Institution, and the experiment had made him completely happy.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	inborn	inborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cheerfulness	cheerfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:agent	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Polytechnic	Polytechnic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Institution	institution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | His inborn cheerfulness |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **test** | past · perfect · passive | a member of the Polytechnic Institution |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | the experiment |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary he=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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