---
title: incandescence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «incandescence» in the school dictionary: The light given off by something because it is very hot, like a glowing metal wire or lava. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/incandescence/)

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# incandescence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** light, old light bulb, wire, Red hot iron, blacksmith, LED bulbs · **What happens:** give off, be, glow, burn, shine, get · **To what, where:** light, lava, incandescence, less heat, tiny soot bits, sparkler

<!-- .vabout -->
«incandescence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [incandescence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/incandescence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The light given off by something because it is very hot, like a glowing metal wire or lava.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:m1:1
# text = The light given off by something because it is very hot, like a glowing metal wire or lava.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	amod	_	_
16	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | participle |  | the light *not said here* |  |  |  | by something | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
| 2 | **is** | present | the light |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong bright glow or a burning strong feeling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:m2:1
# text = A strong bright glow or a burning strong feeling.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old light bulb shines by incandescence when its wire gets white-hot.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:x1:1
# text = An old light bulb shines by incandescence when its wire gets white-hot.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	incandescence	incandescence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
12	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | present | a old light bulb |  |  |  |  | by incandescence | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by incandescence=Location |
| 2 | **get** | present | bulb's wire |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The incandescence of the lava lit up the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:x2:1
# text = The incandescence of the lava lit up the night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	incandescence	incandescence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit up** | participle |  | the lava *not said here* |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **incandesce** |  |  | the lava |  |  |  |  | nom incandescence «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red-hot iron in the blacksmith's fire shows incandescence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:x3:1
# text = Red-hot iron in the blacksmith's fire shows incandescence.
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	blacksmith	blacksmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	incandescence	incandescence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Red hot iron in the blacksmith's fire | incandescence |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent incandescence=Recipient |
| 2 | **fire** |  | the blacksmith |  |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
LED bulbs don't use incandescence, so they waste less heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:x4:1
# text = LED bulbs don't use incandescence, so they waste less heat.
1	LED	led	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	incandescence	incandescence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	waste	waste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | present · do-support | LED bulbs | incandescence |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incandescence=Patient |
| 2 | **waste** | present | bulbs *= bulb* | less heat |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The candle flame glows by incandescence of tiny soot bits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:x5:1
# text = The candle flame glows by incandescence of tiny soot bits.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	glows	glow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	incandescence	incandescence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	soot	soot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present | the candle flame |  |  |  |  | by incandescence of tiny soot bits | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by incandescence=Location |
| 2 | **incandesce** |  |  | tiny soot bits |  |  |  |  | nom incandescence «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The incandescence of the sparkler lit up our faces on Bonfire Night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incandescence:x6:1
# text = The incandescence of the sparkler lit up our faces on Bonfire Night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	incandescence	incandescence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Bonfire	Bonfire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Night	Night	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit up** | participle · passive | Bonfire Night | the incandescence of the sparkler |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **incandesce** |  |  | the sparkler |  |  |  |  | nom incandescence «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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