---
title: incision — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «incision» in the school dictionary: An incision is a careful cut made into something, especially a cut a surgeon makes into the body during an operation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# incision

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** incision, surgeon, you, vet, chef, scar · **What happens:** be, make, take out, close, keep, remove · **To what, where:** careful cut, cut, body, neat cut, notch, small incision

<!-- .vabout -->
«incision» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [incision in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/incision.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An incision is a careful cut made into something, especially a cut a surgeon makes into the body during an operation.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:m1:1
# text = An incision is a careful cut made into something, especially a cut a surgeon makes into the body during an operation.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	during	during	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a incision | a careful cut |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a careful cut *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **make** | present | a surgeon | a cut *not said here* |  | the body | during a operation |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent cut=Material into body=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An incision is a neat cut or notch made with a sharp tool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:m2:1
# text = An incision is a neat cut or notch made with a sharp tool.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	notch	notch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a incision | a neat cut or notch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | notch *not said here* |  |  |  | with a sharp tool | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The surgeon made a small incision to take out the appendix.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:x1:1
# text = The surgeon made a small incision to take out the appendix.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	appendix	appendix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the surgeon | a small incision |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset incision=Product |
| 2 | **take out** | to-infinitive | the surgeon *not said here* | the appendix |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appendix=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the operation the incision was closed with stitches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:x2:1
# text = After the operation the incision was closed with stitches.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stitches	stitch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past · passive |  | the incision |  |  | after the operation | with stitches | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with stitch=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the incision clean and dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:x3:1
# text = Keep the incision clean and dry.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the incision |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incision=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vet made an incision in the dog's paw to remove the thorn.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:x4:1
# text = The vet made an incision in the dog's paw to remove the thorn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	paw	paw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	thorn	thorn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the vet | a incision |  | the dog's paw |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset incision=Product |
| 2 | **remove** | to-infinitive | the vet *not said here* | the thorn |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thorn=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chef made an incision in each sausage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:x5:1
# text = The chef made an incision in each sausage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	sausage	sausage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the chef | a incision |  | each sausage |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset incision=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scar from the incision faded over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incision:x6:1
# text = The scar from the incision faded over time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scar	scar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incision	incision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	faded	fade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fade** | past | the scar from the incision |  |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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