---
title: incitement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «incitement» in the school dictionary: The act of encouraging or stirring people up to do something bad, violent or against the law. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# incitement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, crime, Incitement, speech, Posting, judge · **What happens:** encourage, stir up, do, urge, commit, push · **To what, where:** people, something, crime, He, incitement, threats · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«incitement» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [incitement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/incitement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of encouraging or stirring people up to do something bad, violent or against the law.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:m1:1
# text = The act of encouraging or stirring people up to do something bad, violent or against the law.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	encouraging	encourage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stirring	stir	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **stir up** | gerund | the act *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crime of urging people to commit a crime or violence: «incitement to violence», «incitement to hatred».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:m2:1
# text = The crime of urging people to commit a crime or violence: «incitement to violence», «incitement to hatred».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	urging	urge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	commit	commit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	hatred	hatred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **urge** | gerund | the crime and incitement to violence *not said here* |  | people |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |
| 2 | **commit** | to-infinitive | the crime and incitement to violence *not said here* | a crime or violence |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crime=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that pushes people to act; a cause or reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:m3:1
# text = Something that pushes people to act; a cause or reason.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **act** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was arrested for incitement to violence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:x1:1
# text = He was arrested for incitement to violence.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	arrested	arrest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrest** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | for incitement to violence | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for incitement=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Incitement to hatred is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:x2:1
# text = Incitement to hatred is against the law.
1	Incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	hatred	hatred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Incitement to hatred |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The speech was an incitement to riot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:x3:1
# text = The speech was an incitement to riot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	riot	riot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the speech | a incitement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **riot** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Posting threats online can be incitement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:x4:1
# text = Posting threats online can be incitement.
1	Posting	post	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	csubj	_	_
2	threats	threat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	online	online	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **post** | gerund |  | threats |  |  |  | online *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent threat=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | can | Posting | incitement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge said the words were a clear incitement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:x5:1
# text = The judge said the words were a clear incitement.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the words | a clear incitement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shouting «Get him!» to a crowd can be incitement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:incitement:x6:1
# text = Shouting «Get him!» to a crowd can be incitement.
1	Shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	incitement	incitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | to a crowd | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | can | Shouting | incitement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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