---
title: independence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «independence» in the school dictionary: Independence is being free to do things for yourself without needing help or being controlled by others. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# independence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Independence, others, country, Walking, USA, Learning · **What happens:** be, do, need, control, rule, walk · **To what, where:** things, help, freedom, independence, more independence, her · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«independence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [independence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/independence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Independence is being free to do things for yourself without needing help or being controlled by others.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:m1:1
# text = Independence is being free to do things for yourself without needing help or being controlled by others.
1	Independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obl	_	_
10	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	needing	need	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	advcl	_	_
12	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Independence |  |  |  |  | free *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | Independence *not said here* | things |  |  |  | for yourself | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 3 | **need** | gerund | Independence *not said here* | help |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |
| 4 | **control** | gerund · passive | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A country's independence is its freedom to rule itself instead of being ruled by another country.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:m2:1
# text = A country's independence is its freedom to rule itself instead of being ruled by another country.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	14	mark	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a country's independence | independence's freedom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | to-infinitive |  | independence |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme |
| 3 | **rule** | gerund · passive | another country |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking to school alone gave her more independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x1:1
# text = Walking to school alone gave her more independence.
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to school *result*; alone *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |
| 2 | **give** | past | Walking | more independence | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient independence=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The USA celebrates its Independence Day with fireworks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x2:1
# text = The USA celebrates its Independence Day with fireworks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	celebrates	celebrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	Independence	Independence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | the USA | USA's Independence Day |  |  |  | with fireworks | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent day=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country fought for its independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x3:1
# text = The country fought for its independence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the country |  |  |  |  | for country's independence | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learning to cook gives you independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x4:1
# text = Learning to cook gives you independence.
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	cook	cook	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cook** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **give** | present | Learning | independence | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient independence=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Declaration of Independence is a famous document.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x5:1
# text = The Declaration of Independence is a famous document.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Declaration	Declaration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Independence	Independence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Declaration of Independence | a famous document |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa wants to keep his independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x6:1
# text = Grandpa wants to keep his independence.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Grandpa *not said here* | Grandpa's independence |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
India gained independence from Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x7:1
# text = India gained independence from Britain.
1	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gained	gain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | past | India | independence |  | Britain |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent independence=Theme from britain=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having pocket money teaches independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independence:x8:1
# text = Having pocket money teaches independence.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | pocket money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Having | independence |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent independence=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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