---
title: independently — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «independently» in the school dictionary: On your own, without help from others. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# independently

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** country, you, She, Two inventors, light, little brother · **What happens:** connect, affect, rule, not rule, work, learn · **To what, where:** country, question, Ireland

<!-- .vabout -->
«independently» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [independently in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/independently.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On your own, without help from others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:m1:1
# text = On your own, without help from others.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Separately; without being connected to or affected by something else.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:m2:1
# text = Separately; without being connected to or affected by something else.
1	Separately	separately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl:agent	_	_
11	else	else	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **connect** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  | separately *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V» |
| 2 | **affect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a country: ruling itself, not ruled by another country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:m3:1
# text = Of a country: ruling itself, not ruled by another country.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	ruling	rule	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | gerund | a country *not said here* | country |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **rule** | participle | a country *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by another country | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please work independently for ten minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x1:1
# text = Please work independently for ten minutes.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | minute | independently *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She learned to read independently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x2:1
# text = She learned to read independently.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | independently *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two inventors independently came up with the same idea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x3:1
# text = Two inventors independently came up with the same idea.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	inventors	inventor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | past | Two inventors |  |  |  |  | with the same idea; independently *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each light works independently of the others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x4:1
# text = Each light works independently of the others.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | each light |  |  |  |  | of the others; independently *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother can now dress independently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x5:1
# text = My little brother can now dress independently.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	dress	dress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | can | My little brother |  |  |  | now | independently *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country has governed itself independently for many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x6:1
# text = The country has governed itself independently for many years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | present · perfect · passive |  | the country |  |  | year | independently *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The question is whether the method was adopted independently in Ireland, or was due to foreign influences.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:independently:x7:1
# text = The question is whether the method was adopted independently in Ireland, or was due to foreign influences.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	independently	independently	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	influences	influence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | the question |  | Ireland |  | adopt, independently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | due foreign influences | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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