---
title: indicate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «indicate» in the school dictionary: To show or point to something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# indicate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, you, arrow, Dark clouds, rain, thermometer · **What happens:** show, point, be, turn, use, state · **To what, where:** something, sign, way, car, lights, 25 degrees

<!-- .vabout -->
«indicate» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [indicate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/indicate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show or point to something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:m1:1
# text = To show or point to something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	point	point	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **point** | infinitive |  |  | something |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to something=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be a sign that something is true or likely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:m2:1
# text = To be a sign that something is true or likely.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a sign |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | something | a sign *not said here* |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show which way you will turn in a car by using the lights.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:m3:1
# text = To show which way you will turn in a car by using the lights.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | which way |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Recipient |
| 2 | **turn** | future | you |  |  | a car |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in car=Trajectory |
| 3 | **use** | gerund | you *not said here* | the lights |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To state briefly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:m4:1
# text = To state briefly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	state	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	briefly	briefly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | briefly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The arrow indicates which way to go.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x1:1
# text = The arrow indicates which way to go.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | the arrow | which way |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot way=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | to-infinitive | the arrow *not said here* | which way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark clouds indicate that rain is coming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x2:1
# text = Dark clouds indicate that rain is coming.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	indicate	indicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | Dark clouds |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **come** | present · progressive | rain |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thermometer indicates 25 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x3:1
# text = The thermometer indicates 25 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | the thermometer | 25 degrees |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot degree=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver indicated left and turned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x4:1
# text = The driver indicated left and turned.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	indicated	indicate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the driver |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please indicate your answer with a tick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x5:1
# text = Please indicate your answer with a tick.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	indicate	indicate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tick	tick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | imperative | you *not said here* | your answer |  |  |  | with a tick | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot answer=Topic |
| 2 | **answer** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The graph indicates that sales went up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x6:1
# text = The graph indicates that sales went up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | the graph |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go up** | past | sales |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A red light indicates that the oven is hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x7:1
# text = A red light indicates that the oven is hot.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	indicates	indicate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | a red light |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | the oven |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His Roman name, Vulcan, would seem to indicate a connection with the first great metal-working artificer of Biblical history, Tubal-Cain.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indicate:x8:1
# text = His Roman name, Vulcan, would seem to indicate a connection with the first great metal-working artificer of Biblical history, Tubal-Cain.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Vulcan	Vulcan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	seem	seem	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	indicate	indicate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
15	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
17	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	amod	_	_
20	artificer	artificer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	Biblical	biblical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	Tubal	tubal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Cain	Cain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | would | His Roman name |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **indicate** | to-infinitive | His Roman name *not said here* | a connection |  |  |  | with the first great working artificer of Biblical history | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot connection=Topic |
| 3 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **name** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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