---
title: indication — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «indication» in the school dictionary: A sign that shows something is true or will happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# indication

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sign, Dark clouds, She, He, fever, you · **What happens:** show, be, happen, give, indicate, not be · **To what, where:** something, reading, measuring instrument, indication, us, cost

<!-- .vabout -->
«indication» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [indication in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/indication.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sign that shows something is true or will happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:m1:1
# text = A sign that shows something is true or will happen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a sign | something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | a sign |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | future | a sign *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark clouds are an indication of rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:m1e:1
# text = Dark clouds are an indication of rain.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dark clouds | a indication |  |  |  | of rain | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A suggestion or hint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:m2:1
# text = A suggestion or hint.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	suggestion	suggestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	hint	hint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave no indication that she was upset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:m2e:1
# text = She gave no indication that she was upset.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | no indication |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent indication=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reading shown on a measuring instrument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:m3:1
# text = A reading shown on a measuring instrument.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | participle |  | a reading *not said here* |  | a measuring instrument |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark clouds are an indication of rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x1:1
# text = Dark clouds are an indication of rain.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dark clouds | a indication |  |  |  | of rain | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave no indication that he was angry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x2:1
# text = He gave no indication that he was angry.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | no indication |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent indication=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | angry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fever is an indication of infection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x3:1
# text = A fever is an indication of infection.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fever | a indication |  |  |  | of infection | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you give us an indication of the cost?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x4:1
# text = Can you give us an indication of the cost?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | can | you | a indication of the cost | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient indication=Theme |
| 2 | **indicate** |  |  | the cost |  |  |  |  | nom indication «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smoke is an indication of fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x5:1
# text = Smoke is an indication of fire.
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Smoke | a indication |  |  |  | of fire | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The colour change is an indication that the reaction has happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x6:1
# text = The colour change is an indication that the reaction has happened.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the colour change | a indication |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | present · perfect | the reaction | a indication *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fine coat is not always an indication of an attractive mind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indication:x7:1
# text = A fine coat is not always an indication of an attractive mind.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	indication	indication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	attractive	attractive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | a fine coat | a indication |  |  |  | of a attractive mind; always *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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