---
title: indigenous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «indigenous» in the school dictionary: Indigenous people are the first people known to live in a place, and their descendants, such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, Māori in New Zealand, First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada, and Native Americans in the USA. Every me
---

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# indigenous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Indigenous people, indigenous plant, people, kangaroo, indigenous idea, Māori · **What happens:** be, know, live, grow, bring, begin · **To what, where:** first people, place, one, Australia, particular place, indigenous people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«indigenous» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [indigenous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/indigenous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indigenous people are the first people known to live in a place, and their descendants, such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, Māori in New Zealand, First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada, and Native Americans in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 42 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:m1:1
# text = Indigenous people are the first people known to live in a place, and their descendants, such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, Māori in New Zealand, First Nations, Inuit and Métis in Canada, and Native Americans in the USA.
1	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
18	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	Aboriginal	aboriginal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	Torres	Torres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	Strait	Strait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
24	Islander	Islander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Māori	Māori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	flat	_	_
32	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	First	First	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	35	amod	_	_
35	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	Inuit	Inuit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	Métis	Métis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
40	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Indigenous people | the first people and people's descendants and Aboriginal Strait Islander peoples in Australia  First Nations and Māori in New Zealand and Inuit and Métis in Canada |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  | the first people and people's descendants and Aboriginal Strait Islander peoples in Australia  First Nations and Māori in New Zealand and Inuit and Métis in Canada *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a place |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An indigenous plant or animal is one that grows or lives naturally in a place, rather than being brought there by people: «the kangaroo is indigenous to Australia».

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:m2:1
# text = An indigenous plant or animal is one that grows or lives naturally in a place, rather than being brought there by people: «the kangaroo is indigenous to Australia».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	naturally	naturally	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	20	cc	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
21	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a indigenous plant or animal | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | present |  |  |  | a place |  | naturally *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
| 4 | **bring** | gerund · passive | people |  |  | there |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the kangaroo |  | Australia |  |  | indigenous *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An indigenous idea, custom or story is one that began in a particular place rather than being brought there from somewhere else.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:m3:1
# text = An indigenous idea, custom or story is one that began in a particular place rather than being brought there from somewhere else.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	19	cc	_	_
17	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	19	advmod	_	_
23	else	else	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a indigenous idea or story | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past |  |  |  | a particular place |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **bring** | gerund · passive |  | a particular place *not said here* |  | there |  | somewhere *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x1:1
# text = Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand.
1	Māori	Māori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Māori | the indigenous people |  |  |  | of New Zealand | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school begins assemblies by thanking the indigenous people of the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x2:1
# text = Our school begins assemblies by thanking the indigenous people of the land.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	assemblies	assembly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	thanking	thank	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | Our school | assemblies |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assembly=Eventuality |
| 2 | **thank** *speech: thank* | gerund | Our school *not said here* |  | the indigenous people of the land |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x3:1
# text = Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kangaroos |  | Australia |  |  | indigenous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many indigenous languages are being taught again to children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x4:1
# text = Many indigenous languages are being taught again to children.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Many indigenous languages | children |  | again |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to child=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
First Nations, Inuit and Métis are indigenous peoples of Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x5:1
# text = First Nations, Inuit and Métis are indigenous peoples of Canada.
1	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	2	amod	_	_
2	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Inuit	Inuit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Métis	Métis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | First Nations and Inuit and Métis | indigenous peoples |  |  |  | of Canada | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits are not indigenous to Australia; they were brought by settlers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x6:1
# text = Rabbits are not indigenous to Australia; they were brought by settlers.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Rabbits |  | Australia |  |  | indigenous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | past · passive | settlers | Rabbits *= rabbit* |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read indigenous stories about how the land was made.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x7:1
# text = We read indigenous stories about how the land was made.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | indigenous stories |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | the land |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The existence of the tale in India renders it likely enough that it is not indigenous to the British Isles, but an Oriental importation.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indigenous:x8:1
# text = The existence of the tale in India renders it likely enough that it is not indigenous to the British Isles, but an Oriental importation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Isles	Isle	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Oriental	oriental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	importation	importation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | the existence of the tale in India | tale |  |  |  | enough *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | existence |  |  |  |  | to the British Isles; indigenous *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **exist** |  | the tale in India |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)