---
title: indonesian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «indonesian» in the school dictionary: From or about Indonesia, a large country in Southeast Asia made of thousands of islands. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# indonesian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Indonesian food, mum, Indonesian islands, Komodo dragons, She, selamat pagi · **What happens:** make, have, be, come, include, live · **To what, where:** large country, Indonesia, rice, Bali, Java, few Indonesian islands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«indonesian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [indonesian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/indonesian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From or about Indonesia, a large country in Southeast Asia made of thousands of islands.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:m1:1
# text = From or about Indonesia, a large country in Southeast Asia made of thousands of islands.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	1	conj	_	_
4	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle · passive |  | a large country in Southeast Asia |  | Indonesia |  | of thousands of islands | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from indonesia=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person from Indonesia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:m2:1
# text = A person from Indonesia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), the national language of Indonesia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:m3:1
# text = Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), the national language of Indonesia.
1	Indonesian	indonesian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Bahasa	Bahasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indonesian food often has rice, peanut sauce and spices.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:x1:1
# text = Indonesian food often has rice, peanut sauce and spices.
1	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	peanut	peanut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Indonesian food | rice |  |  |  | often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rice=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's mum is Indonesian and comes from Bali.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:x2:1
# text = My friend's mum is Indonesian and comes from Bali.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Bali	Bali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend's mum |  |  |  |  | indonesian *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | My friend's mum *not said here* |  |  | Bali |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bali=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Indonesian islands include Java, Sumatra and Borneo's southern part.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:x3:1
# text = The Indonesian islands include Java, Sumatra and Borneo's southern part.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Java	Java	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | the Indonesian islands | Java and Sumatra and Borneo's southern part |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent java=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Komodo dragons live on a few Indonesian islands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:x4:1
# text = Komodo dragons live on a few Indonesian islands.
1	Komodo	Komodo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Komodo dragons |  |  | a few Indonesian islands |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is learning to say hello in Indonesian: selamat pagi means good morning.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:x5:1
# text = She is learning to say hello in Indonesian: selamat pagi means good morning.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Indonesian	Indonesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	selamat	selamat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	pagi	pagi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  | Indonesian |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent hello=Theme in indonesian=Manner |
| 3 | **mean** | present | selamat pagi |  |  |  | morning |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Indonesian volcanoes are still active.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:indonesian:x6:1
# text = Many Indonesian volcanoes are still active.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Indonesian	indonesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many Indonesian volcanoes |  |  |  | still | active *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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