---
title: infallible — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infallible» in the school dictionary: Never wrong; never making a mistake. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# infallible

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Catholics, Pope, he, Nobody, everyone, Grandma · **What happens:** not make, work, succeed, believe, be, teach · **To what, where:** mistake, faith, this, mistakes, infallible recipe, special solemn teachings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«infallible» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infallible in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infallible.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never wrong; never making a mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:m1:1
# text = Never wrong; never making a mistake.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | gerund |  | a mistake |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always working or always succeeding: an infallible method.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:m2:1
# text = Always working or always succeeding: an infallible method.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	succeeding	succeed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **succeed** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catholics believe the Pope is infallible when he solemnly teaches on faith and morals; this is called papal infallibility.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:m3:1
# text = Catholics believe the Pope is infallible when he solemnly teaches on faith and morals; this is called papal infallibility.
1	Catholics	Catholic	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	solemnly	solemnly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	morals	moral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
19	papal	papal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	infallibility	infallibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Catholics |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Pope |  |  |  |  | infallible *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | he |  |  | faith and morals |  | solemnly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | present · passive |  | this |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody is infallible; everyone makes mistakes sometimes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x1:1
# text = Nobody is infallible; everyone makes mistakes sometimes.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Nobody |  |  |  |  | infallible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | everyone | mistakes |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma has an infallible recipe for pancakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x2:1
# text = Grandma has an infallible recipe for pancakes.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pancakes	pancake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandma | a infallible recipe |  |  |  | for pancakes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent recipe=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective's memory was almost infallible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x3:1
# text = The detective's memory was almost infallible.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the detective's memory |  |  |  |  | almost, infallible *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even computers are not infallible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x4:1
# text = Even computers are not infallible.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | computers |  |  |  |  | infallible *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catholics believe the Pope is infallible only in special solemn teachings, not in everything he says.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x5:1
# text = Catholics believe the Pope is infallible only in special solemn teachings, not in everything he says.
1	Catholics	Catholic	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	solemn	solemn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	teachings	teaching	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	17	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Catholics |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Pope |  |  | special solemn teachings |  | infallible *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | present | he |  |  | everything |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in everything=Manner |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no infallible way to win at games of chance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x6:1
# text = There is no infallible way to win at games of chance.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no infallible way |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive | no infallible way *not said here* |  |  | games of chance |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V PP.eventuality S\_ING»: agent=Agent at game=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Laughing is an infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infallible:x7:1
# text = Laughing is an infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development.
1	Laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Laughing | a infallible sign |  |  |  | of the highest degree of mental development | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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