---
title: infect — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infect» in the school dictionary: To give someone a disease by passing germs to them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infect/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / infect

# infect

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** laughter, you, cut, virus, computer virus, giggles · **What happens:** give, pass, get, make, spread, infect · **To what, where:** disease, someone, germs, cut, body, computer

<!-- .vabout -->
«infect» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infect in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infect.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give someone a disease by passing germs to them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:m1:1
# text = To give someone a disease by passing germs to them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | a disease | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient disease=Theme |
| 2 | **pass** | gerund |  | germs | germs *= germ* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent germ=Theme to they=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For germs to get into a cut or part of the body and make it sore and ill.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:m2:1
# text = For germs to get into a cut or part of the body and make it sore and ill.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a cut or part of the body |  | for germs | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into cut=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | body |  |  |  | sore *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For a computer virus to get into a computer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:m3:1
# text = For a computer virus to get into a computer.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a computer |  | for a computer virus | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into computer=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spread a feeling to others, as in «Her laughter infected everyone».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:m4:1
# text = To spread a feeling to others, as in «Her laughter infected everyone».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	infected	infect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
14	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | to-infinitive |  | a feeling |  |  |  | to others | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feeling=Theme |
| 2 | **infect** *in a quote* | past | Her laughter |  | everyone |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme everyone=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands so you don't infect others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:x1:1
# text = Wash your hands so you don't infect others.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	infect	infect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | present | you | infect others |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean the cut so it doesn't get infected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:x2:1
# text = Clean the cut so it doesn't get infected.
1	Clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cut |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cut=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **get** | present · do-support | cut |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The virus infected half the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:x3:1
# text = The virus infected half the class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | participle | the virus | half class |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme class=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A computer virus infected Dad's laptop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:x4:1
# text = A computer virus infected Dad's laptop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | participle | a computer virus *not said here* | Dad's laptop |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme laptop=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her giggles infected the whole room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:x5:1
# text = Her giggles infected the whole room.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	giggles	giggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	infected	infect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | past | Her giggles | the whole room |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme room=Destination |
| 2 | **giggle** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom giggle «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mosquitoes can infect people with malaria.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infect:x6:1
# text = Mosquitoes can infect people with malaria.
1	Mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	infect	infect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	malaria	malaria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | can | Mosquitoes |  | people |  |  | with malaria | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent people=Destination with malaria=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [infantry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infantry/)
- next →: [infected](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infected/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)