---
title: infected — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infected» in the school dictionary: Having harmful germs (bacteria, viruses or fungi) growing in it, like an infected cut that is red, swollen and sore. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infected/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / infected

# infected

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** infected cut, feeling, you, cut, knee, doctor · **What happens:** have, grow, infect, be, catch, fill · **To what, where:** harmful germs, it, she, harmful program, virus, cut · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«infected» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infected in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infected.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having harmful germs (bacteria, viruses or fungi) growing in it, like an infected cut that is red, swollen and sore.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:m1:1
# text = Having harmful germs (bacteria, viruses or fungi) growing in it, like an infected cut that is red, swollen and sore.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	csubj	_	_
2	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
11	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | harmful germs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  | it |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location |
| 3 | **infect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | a infected cut |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | a infected cut *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | a infected cut *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caught an illness from germs: she was infected with flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:m2:1
# text = Caught an illness from germs: she was infected with flu.
1	Caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **infect** | past · passive |  | she |  |  |  | with flu | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with flu=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a computer, having a harmful program (a virus) in it.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:m3:1
# text = Of a computer, having a harmful program (a virus) in it.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a harmful program |  | virus |  | of a computer | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent program=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Filled with a feeling that spreads: infected by her laughter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:m4:1
# text = Filled with a feeling that spreads: infected by her laughter.
1	Filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a feeling | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with feeling=Instrument |
| 2 | **spread** | present | a feeling |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **infect** | participle | a feeling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by her laughter | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the cut clean so it doesn't get infected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x1:1
# text = Keep the cut clean so it doesn't get infected.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
10	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cut |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cut=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **get** | present · do-support | cut |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His knee was red and swollen because it was infected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x2:1
# text = His knee was red and swollen because it was infected.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His knee |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | His knee *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | knee |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said my ear was infected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x3:1
# text = The doctor said my ear was infected.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | my ear |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mosquitoes can carry germs that infect people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x4:1
# text = Mosquitoes can carry germs that infect people.
1	Mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	infect	infect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | Mosquitoes | germs |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme |
| 2 | **infect** | present | germs |  | people |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme people=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cover your cough so others are not infected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x5:1
# text = Cover your cough so others are not infected.
1	Cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | imperative | you *not said here* | your cough |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cough=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | others |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cough** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom cough «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The computer was infected by a virus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x6:1
# text = The computer was infected by a virus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | past · passive | a virus | the computer |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole class was infected by her giggles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x7:1
# text = The whole class was infected by her giggles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	giggles	giggle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | past · passive | class's giggles | the whole class |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |
| 2 | **giggle** |  | class |  |  |  |  |  | nom giggle «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An infected tooth can be very painful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infected:x8:1
# text = An infected tooth can be very painful.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tooth	tooth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | a infected tooth |  |  |  |  | painful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [infect](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infect/)
- next →: [infection](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infection/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)