---
title: infection — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infection» in the school dictionary: An infection is an illness caused by germs (bacteria, viruses or fungi) getting into your body. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# infection

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** infection, bacteria, infected cut, you, She, Antibiotics · **What happens:** be, cause, get, infect, have, make · **To what, where:** illness, body, spreading, germs, wound, cut · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«infection» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infection in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infection.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An infection is an illness caused by germs (bacteria, viruses or fungi) getting into your body.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:m1:1
# text = An infection is an illness caused by germs (bacteria, viruses or fungi) getting into your body.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
16	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a infection | a illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by germs and bacteria and viruses or fungi | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **get** | gerund | bacteria and viruses or fungi *not said here* |  |  | your body |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into body=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infection is the spreading of germs from one person or thing to another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:m2:1
# text = Infection is the spreading of germs from one person or thing to another.
1	Infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spreading	spreading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Infection | the spreading |  |  |  | of germs from one person or thing to another | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An infected cut or wound has germs in it, making it red, swollen, hot or full of pus.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:m3:1
# text = An infected cut or wound has germs in it, making it red, swollen, hot or full of pus.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	infected	infect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	pus	pus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **infect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | a infected cut or wound | germs |  | wound |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | a infected cut or wound *not said here* | wound |  |  |  | red *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean the cut to stop infection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:x1:1
# text = Clean the cut to stop infection.
1	Clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cut |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cut=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | infection |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality infection=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had an ear infection and a high temperature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:x2:1
# text = She had an ear infection and a high temperature.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | a ear infection and a high temperature |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infection=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics can treat some infections.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:x3:1
# text = Antibiotics can treat some infections.
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	treat	treat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	infections	infection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | can | Antibiotics | some infections |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent infection=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germs spread infection from hand to mouth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:x4:1
# text = Germs spread infection from hand to mouth.
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Germs | infection |  | hand |  | to mouth | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location infection=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the wound was infected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:x5:1
# text = The doctor said the wound was infected.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	infected	infected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the wound |  |  |  |  | infected *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing hands lowers the risk of infection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infection:x6:1
# text = Washing hands lowers the risk of infection.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	lowers	lower	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **lower** | present | Washing | the risk of infection |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent risk=Theme |
| 3 | **risk** |  |  | infection |  |  |  |  | nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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