---
title: infectious — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infectious» in the school dictionary: An infectious disease can be passed from one person or animal to another, through germs in the air, water, food or touch. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# infectious

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** infectious person, illness, Infectious, feeling, Chickenpox, Lily · **What happens:** pass, have, catch, describe, laugh, spread · **To what, where:** infectious disease, germs, illness, feeling, hands, infectious diseases

<!-- .vabout -->
«infectious» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infectious in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infectious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An infectious disease can be passed from one person or animal to another, through germs in the air, water, food or touch.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:m1:1
# text = An infectious disease can be passed from one person or animal to another, through germs in the air, water, food or touch.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | can · passive |  | a infectious disease |  | germs in the air and water and food or touch |  | from one person or animal; to another | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from person=Initial\_Location to another=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An infectious person has an illness that others can catch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:m2:1
# text = An infectious person has an illness that others can catch.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a infectious person | a illness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Patient |
| 2 | **catch** | can | a illness |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infectious can describe a feeling or laugh that spreads quickly to other people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:m3:1
# text = Infectious can describe a feeling or laugh that spreads quickly to other people.
1	Infectious	Infectious	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Infectious | a feeling |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent feeling=Theme |
| 2 | **laugh** | present | Infectious *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spread** | present | a feeling |  |  |  |  | to other people; quickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chickenpox is very infectious, so Lily stayed home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x1:1
# text = Chickenpox is very infectious, so Lily stayed home.
1	Chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Chickenpox |  |  |  |  | infectious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | past | Lily |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands to stop infectious diseases spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x2:1
# text = Wash your hands to stop infectious diseases spreading.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | infectious diseases |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is still infectious, so he can't come to the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x3:1
# text = He is still infectious, so he can't come to the party.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  | still | infectious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **come** | can | he |  |  | the party |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to party=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her laugh was so infectious that the whole class giggled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x4:1
# text = Her laugh was so infectious that the whole class giggled.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	giggled	giggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her laugh |  |  |  |  | infectious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **giggle** | past | the whole class |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **laugh** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Allergies are not infectious; you can't catch them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x5:1
# text = Allergies are not infectious; you can't catch them.
1	Allergies	allergy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Allergies |  |  |  |  | infectious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **catch** | can | you | Allergies *= allergy* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vet checked the dog for infectious illnesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x6:1
# text = The vet checked the dog for infectious illnesses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	illnesses	illness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the vet | the dog |  |  |  | for infectious illnesses | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent dog=Theme for illness=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little boy laughed, and Uncle Remus supplemented this indorsement of his descriptive powers with a most infectious chuckle.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infectious:x7:1
# text = The little boy laughed, and Uncle Remus supplemented this indorsement of his descriptive powers with a most infectious chuckle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	Remus	Remus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	supplemented	supplement	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	indorsement	indorsement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	19	advmod	_	_
19	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	chuckle	chuckle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the little boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **supplement** | participle | Uncle | this indorsement of Uncle's descriptive powers with a infectious chuckle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **indorse** |  |  | Uncle's descriptive powers with a infectious chuckle |  |  |  |  | nom indorsement «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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