---
title: infirmity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infirmity» in the school dictionary: An infirmity is a physical or mental weakness or illness, especially one that comes with old age. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# infirmity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** infirmity, Grandad, son, she, almshouse, poor people · **What happens:** be, come, not complain, mean, rule, build · **To what, where:** physical weakness, state, hospital, Jesus, Bible, many infirmities · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«infirmity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infirmity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infirmity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An infirmity is a physical or mental weakness or illness, especially one that comes with old age.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:m1:1
# text = An infirmity is a physical or mental weakness or illness, especially one that comes with old age.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	weakness	weakness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a infirmity | a physical weakness or illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present |  |  |  |  | with old age |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infirmity is the state of being weak or ill for a long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:m2:1
# text = Infirmity is the state of being weak or ill for a long time.
1	Infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Infirmity | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | weak *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad never complained about the infirmities of old age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x1:1
# text = Grandad never complained about the infirmities of old age.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	infirmities	infirmity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **complain** *speech: other* | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  | about the infirmities of old age | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about infirmity=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old king's infirmity meant his son ruled for him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x2:1
# text = The old king's infirmity meant his son ruled for him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the old king's infirmity |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **rule** | past | infirmity's son |  |  |  |  | for infirmity | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hospital was built for the sick and those in infirmity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x3:1
# text = The hospital was built for the sick and those in infirmity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | the hospital |  |  |  | for the sick | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for sick=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Despite her infirmity, she walked to church every Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x4:1
# text = Despite her infirmity, she walked to church every Sunday.
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | she |  |  |  | sunday | despite her infirmity; to church *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to church=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible, Jesus is described as healing many infirmities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x5:1
# text = In the Bible, Jesus is described as healing many infirmities.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	described	describe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	healing	heal	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	advcl	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	infirmities	infirmity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present · passive |  | Jesus |  | the Bible |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **heal** | gerund |  | many infirmities |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent infirmity=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The almshouse was for poor people who could no longer work because of infirmity.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x6:1
# text = The almshouse was for poor people who could no longer work because of infirmity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	almshouse	almshouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	no	no	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	infirmity	infirmity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the almshouse |  |  |  |  | for poor people | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | could | poor people |  |  |  |  | because infirmity; long *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who else would have borne with my infirmities as thou hast!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infirmity:x7:1
# text = Who else would have borne with my infirmities as thou hast!
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
2	else	else	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	infirmities	infirmity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hast	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | would · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | with my infirmities | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **have** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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