---
title: inflammation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «inflammation» in the school dictionary: Inflammation is when part of the body becomes red, swollen, hot and painful, usually because it is hurt or fighting an infection. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/inflammation/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / inflammation

# inflammation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Inflammation, own defence reaction, sprained ankle, I, Tonsillitis, Redness · **What happens:** be, hurt, fight, bring, sprain, show · **To what, where:** part, infection, own defence reaction, extra blood, damaged place, inflammation

<!-- .vabout -->
«inflammation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [inflammation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/inflammation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inflammation is when part of the body becomes red, swollen, hot and painful, usually because it is hurt or fighting an infection.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:m1:1
# text = Inflammation is when part of the body becomes red, swollen, hot and painful, usually because it is hurt or fighting an infection.
1	Inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Inflammation |  |  |  |  | become, red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | present · passive |  | part |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **fight** | gerund |  | a infection |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infection=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inflammation is the body's own defence reaction that brings extra blood and helper cells to a damaged place.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:m2:1
# text = Inflammation is the body's own defence reaction that brings extra blood and helper cells to a damaged place.
1	Inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	brings	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	helper	helper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	damaged	damaged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Inflammation | the body's own defence reaction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | present | the body's own defence reaction | extra blood and helper cells |  | a damaged place |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent blood=Theme to place=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sprained ankle showed inflammation, so I put ice on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x1:1
# text = My sprained ankle showed inflammation, so I put ice on it.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sprained	sprain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sprain** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | past | My sprained ankle | inflammation |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent inflammation=Recipient |
| 3 | **put** | past | I | ice |  | ankle |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme on it=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x2:1
# text = Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils.
1	Tonsillitis	tonsillitis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tonsils	tonsil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tonsillitis | a inflammation |  |  |  | of the tonsils | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redness and swelling are signs of inflammation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x3:1
# text = Redness and swelling are signs of inflammation.
1	Redness	redness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Redness and swelling | signs |  |  |  | of inflammation | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor gave her medicine to reduce the inflammation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x4:1
# text = The doctor gave her medicine to reduce the inflammation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the doctor | medicine | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient medicine=Theme |
| 2 | **reduce** | to-infinitive | the doctor *not said here* | the inflammation |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer inflammation=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inflammation is the body's way of protecting itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x5:1
# text = Inflammation is the body's way of protecting itself.
1	Inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	protecting	protect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Inflammation | the body's way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | gerund | the body's way *not said here* | Inflammation |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bee sting causes inflammation around the spot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x6:1
# text = A bee sting causes inflammation around the spot.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sting	sting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | a bee sting | inflammation |  | the spot |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition inflammation=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But one of the tree’s prickles pierced his finger and caused great pain and inflammation, so that the young Prince fell down in a fainting fit.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inflammation:x7:1
# text = But one of the tree’s prickles pierced his finger and caused great pain and inflammation, so that the young Prince fell down in a fainting fit.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’s	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	prickles	prickle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	pierced	pierce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	inflammation	inflammation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	23	mark	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
24	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	fainting	fainting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	fit	fit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pierce** | past | one of the tree's prickles | his finger |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |
| 2 | **cause** | past | one of the tree's prickles *not said here* | great pain and inflammation |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |
| 3 | **fall down** | past | the young Prince |  |  | a fainting fit |  | down *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in fit=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [inflamed](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/inflamed/)
- next →: [inflatable](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/inflatable/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)