---
title: infliction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infliction» in the school dictionary: The act of causing pain, harm or a punishment to someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infliction/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / infliction

# infliction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, someone, law, infliction, judge, long wait · **What happens:** cause, have, suffer, forbid, inflict, not be · **To what, where:** pain, infliction, cruelty, fair punishment, serious injury, fear · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«infliction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infliction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infliction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of causing pain, harm or a punishment to someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:m1:1
# text = The act of causing pain, harm or a punishment to someone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund | the act *not said here* | pain and harm or a punishment |  |  |  | to someone | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something unpleasant that someone has to suffer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:m2:1
# text = Something unpleasant that someone has to suffer.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **suffer** | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The law forbids the infliction of cruelty on animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:x1:1
# text = The law forbids the infliction of cruelty on animals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forbids	forbid	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	infliction	infliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cruelty	cruelty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | present | the law | the infliction of cruelty on animals |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer infliction=Theme |
| 2 | **inflict** |  |  | cruelty on animals |  |  |  |  | nom infliction «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The infliction of pain is never a fair punishment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:x2:1
# text = The infliction of pain is never a fair punishment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	infliction	infliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | the infliction of pain | a fair punishment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **inflict** |  |  | pain |  |  |  |  | nom infliction «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge spoke of the infliction of serious injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:x3:1
# text = The judge spoke of the infliction of serious injury.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	infliction	infliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the judge |  |  |  |  | of the infliction of serious injury | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **inflict** |  |  | serious injury |  |  |  |  | nom infliction «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The long wait was an infliction we had to bear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:x4:1
# text = The long wait was an infliction we had to bear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	infliction	infliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the long wait | a infliction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | we | a infliction *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bear** | to-infinitive | a infliction *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Teachers must not use the infliction of fear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infliction:x5:1
# text = Teachers must not use the infliction of fear.
1	Teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	infliction	infliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | must | Teachers | the infliction of fear |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infliction=Patient |
| 2 | **inflict** |  |  | fear |  |  |  |  | nom infliction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [inflict](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/inflict/)
- next →: [inflow](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/inflow/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)