---
title: informing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «informing» in the school dictionary: Informing is the -ing form of «inform», which means to tell someone facts or news, especially officially. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# informing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ing form, someone facts, Informing, police, We, letter · **What happens:** inform, be, mean, tell, do, trip · **To what, where:** ing form, someone, police, parents, you, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«informing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [informing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/informing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informing is the -ing form of «inform», which means to tell someone facts or news, especially officially.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:m1:1
# text = Informing is the -ing form of «inform», which means to tell someone facts or news, especially officially.
1	Informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	inform	inform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	compound	_	_
17	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the ing form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **inform** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | the ing form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **mean** | present | the ing form |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone facts or news |  |  |  |  | officially *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informing on someone (or informing against someone) means telling the police or someone in charge about something wrong that they did.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:m2:1
# text = Informing on someone (or informing against someone) means telling the police or someone in charge about something wrong that they did.
1	Informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	iobj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	nmod	_	_
20	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | against someone | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present | Informing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | gerund | Informing *not said here* |  | the police |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent police=Recipient |
| 5 | **do** | past | police |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are informing parents about the school trip by letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x1:1
# text = We are informing parents about the school trip by letter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | present · progressive | We |  | parents |  |  | about the school trip by letter | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient |
| 2 | **trip** |  | letter |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: by=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for informing us of the change.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x2:1
# text = Thank you for informing us of the change.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  | us |  |  | of the change | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent we=Recipient of change=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot was informing passengers about the delay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x3:1
# text = The pilot was informing passengers about the delay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | past · progressive | the pilot |  | passengers |  |  | about the delay | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent passenger=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informing a teacher about bullying is the right thing to do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x4:1
# text = Informing a teacher about bullying is the right thing to do.
1	Informing	inform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  | a teacher |  |  | about bullying | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Informing | the right thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was accused of informing on his friends to the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x5:1
# text = He was accused of informing on his friends to the police.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | on his friends; to the police | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign is informing drivers that the road is closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x6:1
# text = The sign is informing drivers that the road is closed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	informing	inform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | present · progressive | the sign |  | drivers |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient |
| 2 | **close** | present · passive |  | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep me informed about your plans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:informing:x7:1
# text = Keep me informed about your plans.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	informed	informed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  | informed *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **plan** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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