---
title: infrared — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «infrared» in the school dictionary: Infrared is a kind of light that our eyes cannot see, just beyond red light; we feel it as heat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# infrared

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Infrared, eyes, we, Infrared things, infrared cameras, TV remote · **What happens:** be, not see, feel, use, show, see · **To what, where:** kind, light, Infrared, TV remote controls, warm bodies, dark · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«infrared» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [infrared in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/infrared.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infrared is a kind of light that our eyes cannot see, just beyond red light; we feel it as heat.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:m1:1
# text = Infrared is a kind of light that our eyes cannot see, just beyond red light; we feel it as heat.
1	Infrared	infrared	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Infrared | a kind |  |  |  | of light | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **see** | can | our eyes | light |  |  |  | beyond red light | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 3 | **feel** | present | we | Infrared |  |  |  | as heat | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infrared things use or show this light, like infrared cameras that see warm bodies in the dark, or TV remote controls.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:m2:1
# text = Infrared things use or show this light, like infrared cameras that see warm bodies in the dark, or TV remote controls.
1	Infrared	infrared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	infrared	infrared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
22	remote	remote	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	controls	control	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Infrared things | TV remote controls |  |  |  | like infrared cameras | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | present | Infrared things *not said here* | this light |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent light=Recipient |
| 3 | **see** | present | infrared cameras | warm bodies |  | the dark |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer body=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your TV remote sends infrared light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x1:1
# text = Your TV remote sends infrared light.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	remote	remote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	infrared	infrared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | present | Your TV remote | infrared light |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infrared cameras can see animals at night by their warmth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x2:1
# text = Infrared cameras can see animals at night by their warmth.
1	Infrared	infrared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | Infrared cameras | animals |  |  | night | by cameras's warmth | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We can't see infrared, but we can feel it as heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x3:1
# text = We can't see infrared, but we can feel it as heat.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	infrared	infrared	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | can | We | infrared |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer infrared=Stimulus |
| 2 | **feel** | can | we | infrared |  |  |  | as heat | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snakes called pit vipers can sense infrared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x4:1
# text = Snakes called pit vipers can sense infrared.
1	Snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	vipers	viper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	sense	sense	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	infrared	infrared	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | Snakes *not said here* | pit vipers |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sense** | can | Snakes | infrared |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer infrared=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The burglar alarm uses an infrared sensor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x5:1
# text = The burglar alarm uses an infrared sensor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	burglar	burglar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	infrared	infrared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sensor	sensor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the burglar alarm | a infrared sensor |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sensor=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun gives off infrared as well as visible light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x6:1
# text = The Sun gives off infrared as well as visible light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	infrared	infrared	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	10	cc	_	_
7	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | the Sun | infrared |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source infrared=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Infrared photos show warm things as bright colours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x7:1
# text = Infrared photos show warm things as bright colours.
1	Infrared	infrared	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Infrared photos | warm things |  |  |  | as bright colours | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firefighters use infrared cameras to find people in smoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:infrared:x8:1
# text = Firefighters use infrared cameras to find people in smoke.
1	Firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	infrared	infrared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Firefighters | infrared cameras |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camera=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Firefighters *not said here* | people |  | smoke |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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