---
title: ingenious — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ingenious» in the school dictionary: Very clever and inventive, especially at finding new ways to solve problems. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ingenious

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tegumai, robot, She, escape plan, Leonardo, suggestion · **What happens:** find, solve, plan, make, fix, write · **To what, where:** new ways, problems, bike, ingenious way, sounds, ingenious invention

<!-- .vabout -->
«ingenious» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ingenious in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ingenious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very clever and inventive, especially at finding new ways to solve problems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:m1:1
# text = Very clever and inventive, especially at finding new ways to solve problems.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	inventive	inventive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	conj	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	solve	solve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
13	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | gerund |  | new ways |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 2 | **solve** | to-infinitive |  | problems |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of an idea or machine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cleverly planned and made.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:m2:1
# text = Cleverly planned and made.
1	Cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What an ingenious way to fix the bike!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x1:1
# text = What an ingenious way to fix the bike!
1	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det:predet	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | to-infinitive |  | the bike |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent bike=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tegumai and Taffy found an ingenious way to write sounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x2:1
# text = Tegumai and Taffy found an ingenious way to write sounds.
1	Tegumai	Tegumai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Taffy	Taffy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Tegumai and Taffy | a ingenious way |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 2 | **write** | to-infinitive | Tegumai and Taffy *not said here* | sounds |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The robot was an ingenious invention.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x3:1
# text = The robot was an ingenious invention.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	robot	robot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the robot | a ingenious invention |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She built an ingenious trap to catch the sweet thief.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x4:1
# text = She built an ingenious trap to catch the sweet thief.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | She | a ingenious trap |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trap=Product |
| 2 | **catch** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the sweet thief |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The escape plan was ingenious.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x5:1
# text = The escape plan was ingenious.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the escape plan |  |  |  |  | ingenious *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leonardo da Vinci drew many ingenious machines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x6:1
# text = Leonardo da Vinci drew many ingenious machines.
1	Leonardo	Leonardo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	da	Da	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Vinci	Vinci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Leonardo | many ingenious machines |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Benfey's suggestion is certainly ingenious, but perhaps too ingenious to be true.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenious:x7:1
# text = Benfey's suggestion is certainly ingenious, but perhaps too ingenious to be true.
1	Benfey	Benfey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	suggestion	suggestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	ingenious	ingenious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Benfey's suggestion |  |  |  |  | certainly, ingenious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Benfey's suggestion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | perhaps *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | Benfey's suggestion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **suggest** |  | Benfey |  |  |  |  |  | nom suggestion «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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