---
title: ingenuity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ingenuity» in the school dictionary: Ingenuity is being clever and inventive, so you find new and smart ways to solve problems. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ingenuity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ingenuity, you, team, we, Robinson, Engineers · **What happens:** be, find, solve, fly, show, build · **To what, where:** new ways, problems, name, small helicopter, Mars, great ingenuity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ingenuity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ingenuity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ingenuity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ingenuity is being clever and inventive, so you find new and smart ways to solve problems.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:m1:1
# text = Ingenuity is being clever and inventive, so you find new and smart ways to solve problems.
1	Ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	inventive	inventive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	solve	solve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ingenuity |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Ingenuity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | present | you | new ways |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 4 | **solve** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | problems |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ingenuity was also the name of a small helicopter flown on Mars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:m2:1
# text = Ingenuity was also the name of a small helicopter flown on Mars.
1	Ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	flown	fly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Ingenuity | the name |  |  |  | of a small helicopter | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | participle |  | a small helicopter *not said here* |  | Mars |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mars=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team showed great ingenuity in building a bridge out of paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x1:1
# text = The team showed great ingenuity in building a bridge out of paper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the team | great ingenuity |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ingenuity=Recipient |
| 2 | **build** | gerund | the team *not said here* | a bridge |  | paper |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bridge=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With a bit of ingenuity, we fixed the bike with string.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x2:1
# text = With a bit of ingenuity, we fixed the bike with string.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | past | we | the bike |  |  |  | with a bit of ingenuity; with string | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent bike=Patient with bit=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Robinson Crusoe survived by ingenuity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x3:1
# text = Robinson Crusoe survived by ingenuity.
1	Robinson	Robinson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Crusoe	Crusoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	survived	survive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | past | Robinson |  |  |  |  | by ingenuity | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by ingenuity=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Engineers use ingenuity to solve problems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x4:1
# text = Engineers use ingenuity to solve problems.
1	Engineers	engineer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	solve	solve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Engineers | ingenuity |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ingenuity=Patient |
| 2 | **solve** | to-infinitive | Engineers *not said here* | problems |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Human ingenuity put people on the Moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x5:1
# text = Human ingenuity put people on the Moon.
1	Human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Human ingenuity | people |  | the Moon |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme on moon=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her ingenuity amazed the judges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x6:1
# text = Her ingenuity amazed the judges.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	amazed	amaze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **amaze** | past | Her ingenuity | the judges |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus judge=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ingenuity helicopter flew on Mars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x7:1
# text = The Ingenuity helicopter flew on Mars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the Ingenuity helicopter |  |  | Mars |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mars=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use your ingenuity to escape the puzzle room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x8:1
# text = Use your ingenuity to escape the puzzle room.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | your ingenuity |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ingenuity=Patient |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the puzzle room |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme room=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now, most people throw them away, and that only shows what a number of things are wasted for want of a little patience and ingenuity.’

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ingenuity:x9:1
# text = Now, most people throw them away, and that only shows what a number of things are wasted for want of a little patience and ingenuity.’
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	throw	throw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	obj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	wasted	waste	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	want	want	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	patience	patience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	ingenuity	ingenuity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw away** | present | most people | them *= they* |  |  | now | away *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | present | most people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **waste** | present · passive |  | a number of things |  |  |  | for want of a little patience and ingenuity | tree rules |
| 4 | **want** |  |  | a little patience and ingenuity |  |  |  |  | nom want «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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