---
title: initial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «initial» in the school dictionary: Happening at the beginning; first. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# initial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, your, initials, J., name, My · **What happens:** happen, letter, write, show, agree, check · **To what, where:** beginning, name, initials, paper, J., A. B. · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«initial» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [initial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/initial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening at the beginning; first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:m1:1
# text = Happening at the beginning; first.
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  | at the beginning | first *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at beginning=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first letter of a name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:m2:1
# text = The first letter of a name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **letter** |  |  | a name |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
J. K. Rowling's initials are J. K. R.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:m2e:1
# text = J. K. Rowling's initials are J. K. R.
1	J.	J.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
2	K.	K.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Rowling	Rowling	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
5	initials	initial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	J.	J.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	K.	K.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	R.	R.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | J.'s initials | J. |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **initial** |  | J. |  |  |  |  |  | nom initial «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To write your initials on a paper to show you agree or have checked it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:m3:1
# text = To write your initials on a paper to show you agree or have checked it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	initials	initial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	agree	agree	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | to-infinitive |  | your initials |  | a paper |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent initial=Theme on paper=Destination |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **check** | present · perfect |  | paper |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **initial** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom initial «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My initials are A. B. because my name is Anna Brown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x1:1
# text = My initials are A. B. because my name is Anna Brown.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	initials	initial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	A.	A.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	B.	b.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	Anna	Anna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Brown	Brown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My initials | A. B. |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | my name | Anna Brown |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **initial** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom initial «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **name** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your initials on your PE kit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x2:1
# text = Write your initials on your PE kit.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	initials	initial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	kit	kit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your initials |  | your PE kit |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent initial=Theme on kit=Destination |
| 2 | **initial** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom initial «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The initial plan was to go to the park, but it rained.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x3:1
# text = The initial plan was to go to the park, but it rained.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the initial plan |  |  |  |  | to the park; go *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rain** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The initial temperature of the water was 20 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x4:1
# text = The initial temperature of the water was 20 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the initial temperature of the water | 20 degrees |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My initial thought was that the answer was wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x5:1
# text = My initial thought was that the answer was wrong.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My initial thought |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum initialled my reading record.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x6:1
# text = Mum initialled my reading record.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	initialled	initiall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **initiall** | past | Mum | my reading record |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **record** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom record «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The initial cost was ten pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:initial:x7:1
# text = The initial cost was ten pounds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the initial cost | ten pounds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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